Milton Friedman citáty (178 citátov, page 2) | Citáty slávnych osobností

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Milton Friedman

Prisudzované výroky

Tento preklad čaká na revíziu. Je preklad správne?

„Spoločnosť, ktorá uprednostňuje rovnosť pred slobodou, nezíska ani jedno, ani druhé. Spoločnosť, ktorá uprednostňuje slobodu pred rovnosťou, bude mať dostatok oboch týchto vecí.“

Milton Friedman

„História nám len naznačuje, že kapitalizmus je potrebnou podmienkou politickej slobody. Je zrejmé, že nie je podmienkou postačujúcou. Fašistické Taliansko a fašistické Španielsko, Nemecko v rôznych obdobiach počas posledných sedemdesiatich rokov, Japonsko pred prvou svetovou vojnou a v medzivojnovom období, cárske Rusko v desaťročiach pred prvou svetovou vojnou – to všetko sú spoločnosti, ktoré rozhodne nemožno označiť ako politicky slobodné. No predsa, v každej z nich bolo súkromné podnikanie dominantnou formou ekonomického usporiadanie. Je preto zjavne možné, aby existoval ekonomický systém, ktorý je vo svojich základoch kapitalistický, a politický systém, ktorý nie je slobodný. Dokonca aj v týchto spoločnostiach mali občania omnoho viac slobody než občania moderných totalitných štátoch ako je Rusko alebo nacistické Nemecko, kde je ekonomický totalitarizmus spojený s politickým totalitarizmom. Ešte aj v cárskom Rusku mali niektorí občania za určitých okolností možnosť zmeniť zamestnanie bez potreby súhlasu politickej autority, pretože kapitalizmus a existencia súkromného vlastníctva do istej miery kontrolovali centralizovanú moc štátu.“

Milton Friedman kniha Capitalism and Freedom

History suggests only that capitalism is a necessary condition for political freedom. Clearly it is not a sufficient condition. Fascist Italy and Fascist Spain, Germany at various times in the last seventy years, Japan before World Wars I and II, tzarist Russia in the decades before World War I -- are all societies that cannot conceivably be described as politically free. Yet, in each, private enterprise was the dominant form of economic organization. It is therefore clearly possible to have economic arrangements that are fundamentally capitalist and political arrangements that are not free. Even in those societies, the citizenry had a good deal more freedom than citizens of a modern totalitarian state like Russia or Nazi Germany, in which economic totalitarianism is combined with political totalitarianism. Even in Russia under the Tzars, it was possible for some citizens, under some circumstances, to change their jobs without getting permission from political authority because capitalism and the existence of private property provided some check to the centralized power of the state. (en)
Potvrdené výroky, Kapitalizmus a sloboda (1962)
Zdroj: FRIEDMAN, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. 3rd Edition, Chicago; Londýn : University of Chicago Press, 2002. 208 p. ISBN 0-226-26421-1. p. 10.

„Vojna je priateľom štátu. V čase vojny si vláda osobuje moc a robí veci, ktoré by zvyčajne nerobila.“

Milton Friedman

War is a friend of the state. In time of war, government will take powers and do things that it would not ordinarily do. (en)
Friedman vysvetlil prečo je militaristická zahraničná politika Bushovej administratívy hrozbou pre jeho snahy zoštíhľovania štátnej správy.
Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: LOCHHEAD, Carolyn. Friedman's 'heresy' hits mainstream / Private Social Security accounts were his idea. http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Friedman-s-heresy-hits-mainstream-Private-2665465.php#page-2 In San Francisco Chronicle. ISSN 1932-8672, 2005-06-05 [cit. 2014-01-09].

„Som agnostik. „Neverím v“ Boha, ale nie som ateista, pretože verím, že tvrdenie „Boh existuje“ nie je možné ani potvrdiť, ani vyvrátiť. Nemyslím si, že Boh nejako súvisí s ekonomikou, ale hodnoty áno.“

Milton Friedman

I am an agnostic. I do not "believe in" God, but I am not an atheist, because I believe the statement, "There is a god" does not admit of being either confirmed or rejected. I do not believe God has anything to do with economics. But values do. (en)
Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: LOFTON, John. An Exchange: My Correspondence With Milton Friedman About God, Economics, Evolution And “Values”. http://archive.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=736 American View. 2006 [cit. 2014-01-12].

„Obed zadarmo neexistuje.“

Milton Friedman

Prisudzované výroky

Milton Friedman Citáty o ľuďoch

„Jednou z najväčších chýb je posudzovať politiku a programy podľa ich zámerov a nie na základe výsledkov. Všetci vieme, ktorá slávna cesta je vydláždená dobrými úmyslami. Ľudia, ktorí hlásajú ich mäkkým srdcom – sympatizujem s nimi – obdivujem ich mäkké srdcia, ale nanešťastie to zvyčajne postihuje aj ich myseľ, pretože skutočnosťou ostáva, že programy označené ako určené pre chudobných, núdznych, takmer vždy pôsobia opačne než dobré mienené úmysly ich navrhovateľov.“

Milton Friedman

One of the great mistakes is to judge policies and programs by their intentions rather than their results. We all know a famous road that is paved with good intentions. The people who go around talking about their soft heart — I share their — I admire them for the softness of their heart, but unfortunately, it very often extends to their head as well, because the fact is that the programs that are labeled as being for the poor, for the needy, almost always have effects exactly the opposite of those which their well-intentioned sponsors intend them to have. (en)
Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: The Open Mind : Living Within Our Means. http://www.thirteen.org/openmind/public-affairs/living-within-our-means/494/ [epizóda televíznej talkshow]. Moderátor Richard D. Heffner. Spojené štáty, 1975. WPIX, 1975-12-07 10:30 EST.

„Dovoľte mi, aby som opäť prizvukoval, že 'neschvaľujem ani neospravedlňujem režimy Čile, Brazílie, Juhoslávie alebo Ruska'. Nemal som nič spoločné s ich vládou. Vrúcne si prajem, aby boli nahradené slobodnou demokratickou spoločnosťou. 'Nepovažujem návštevu žiadneho z nich za súhlas s nimi.' Nepovažujem učenie sa z ich skúseností za nemorálne. Nepovažujem poskytnutie rád ohľadne ekonomickej politiky za nemorálne, keď sú podľa mňa také podmienky, že ekonomický vzostup by prispel ako k blahobytu obyčajných ľudí, tak aj k šanci na posun smerom k politicky slobodnej spoločnosti.“

Milton Friedman

„V našej vysoko technizovanej ekonomike potrebujeme dobre vzdelaných zamestnancov. Ale ešte dôležitejšie je, že druh školského systému mení sociálnu štruktúru spoločnosti. V Spojených štátoch smerujeme k systému dvoch spoločenských vrstiev – jednej, ktorá niečo vlastní a druhej, ktorá nemá nič. Bohatí a chudobní. Ľudia s majetkom a vzdelaním dosahujú relatívne vysoký príjem. Tí, ktorí nemajú nič, sú z veľkej časti aj tými, ktorí nemajú dokončené vzdelanie. A náš súčasný školský systém vedie k tomu, že sa tento rozdiel stále viac zväčšuje a že rastie rozdiel medzi príjmami tých, ktorí sú hore a ktorí sú dole. To je vzhľadom k duchu a blahu spoločnosti nezdravý vývoj.“

Milton Friedman

Potvrdené výroky

„Hlavný zdroj námietok proti slobodnej ekonomike ozaj spočíva práve v tom, že túto úlohu plní tak dobre. Poskytuje ľuďom to, čo chcú a nie to, o čom si nejaká zvláštna skupina myslí, že by mali chcieť. Za mnohými argumentmi proti slobodnému trhu sa skrýva nedostatok viery v samotnú slobodu.“

Milton Friedman kniha Capitalism and Freedom

Indeed, the major source of objection to a free economy is precisely that it does this task so well. It gives people what they want instead of what a particular group thinks they ought to want. Underlying most arguments against the free market is a lack of belief in freedom itself. (en)
Potvrdené výroky, Kapitalizmus a sloboda (1962)
Zdroj: FRIEDMAN, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. 3rd Edition, Chicago; Londýn : University of Chicago Press, 2002. 208 p. ISBN 0-226-26421-1. p. 15.

Milton Friedman citáty a výroky

Tento preklad čaká na revíziu. Je preklad správne?

„Jednou z najväčších chýb je posudzovať politikov a ich program podľa ich zámerov, a nie podľa ich výsledkov.“

Milton Friedman

O chybách

„S úctou k platom učiteľov, hlavný problém nespočíva v tom, že by v priemere boli príliš nízke – v priemere môžu byť tiež príliš vysoké – ale v ich prílišnej uniformite a strnulosti. Zlí učitelia sú značne preplácaní a dobrí učitelia sú značne nedoplácaní. Platové tabuľky majú sklon byť uniformné a určované podstatne viac vekom, získanými titulmi a certifikátmi než zásluhami.“

Milton Friedman kniha Capitalism and Freedom

With respect to teachers' salaries, the major problem is not that they are too low on the average — they may well be too high on the average — but that they are too uniform and rigid. Poor teachers are grossly overpaid and good teachers grossly underpaid. Salary schedules tend to be uniform and determined far more by seniority, degress received, and teaching certificates acquired than by merit. (en)
Potvrdené výroky, Kapitalizmus a sloboda (1962)
Zdroj: FRIEDMAN, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. 3rd Edition, Chicago; Londýn : University of Chicago Press, 2002. 208 p. ISBN 0-226-26421-1. p. 95.

O veku , vek , O učiteľoch , O problémoch

„'Som za znižovanie daní, za akýchkoľvek okolností a pre akúkoľvek výhovorku, pre akýkoľvek dôvod, kedykoľvek je to možné.' Dôvodom je moje presvedčenie, že veľkým problémom nie sú dane, ale výdavky. Otázkou je: „Ako znížite štátne výdavky?“ Štátne výdavky teraz dosahujú 40 percent národného dôchodku, nerátajúc priame výdavky prostredníctvom regulácií a pod. Pokiaľ zahrniete aj tie, vyjde vám približne polovica. Reálne riziko, ktorému čelíme je že sa toto číslo bude postupne zvyšovať. Jediným efektívnym spôsobom, ako ho udržať dole je obmedziť objem štátnych príjmov. To možno učiniť znížením daní.“

Milton Friedman

otázka , O problémoch

„Kedykoľvek vláda niečo dotuje, tak to môže robiť dvomi spôsobmi: môže subvencovať výrobcov alebo spotrebiteľov. Môže napríklad zaplatiť poľnohospodárom, aby vyrábali potraviny, alebo môže vydávať potravinové známky pre jednotlivých spotrebiteľov, ktorí potom môžu kupovať potraviny lacnejšie. Keď vláda dotuje výrobcov, tak neexistuje hospodárska súťaž, producenti nemajú skutočný dôvod s peniazmi zmysluplne zachádzať. Pokiaľ dotuje spotrebiteľov, potom títo majú záujem svoje peniaze správne využiť.“

Milton Friedman

Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: MŰHLFENZLOVÁ, Isabell. Milton Friedman: Čím víc je svobody, tím lepší je život. http://hn.ihned.cz/3-18602890-Friedman-500000_d-79 In Hospodářské noviny. ISSN 1213-7693. 2006-06-05 [cit. 2014-01-09]. (Český preklad pôvodného interview pre nemecké noviny Handelsblatt)

O peniazoch

„Od začiatku som bol proti tomu, aby sme išli do Iraku. Myslím, že to bola chyba, z rovnakého dôvodu, že neverím, že Spojené štáty americké by sa mali podieľať na agresii.“

Milton Friedman

As it happens, I was opposed to going into Iraq from the beginning. I think it was a mistake, for the simple reason that I do not believe the United States of America ought to be involved in aggression. (en)
Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: VARADARAJAN, Tunku. Rose and Milton Friedman : The Romance of Economics. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB115352827130914276 In The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660, 2006-12-22 [cit. 2014-01-09].

O chybách

„…najchudobnejšie rodiny majú veľký záujem na tom, aby ich deti získali vzdelanie, ktoré im umožní lepší život v iných sociálnych podmienkach.“

Milton Friedman

Potvrdené výroky

O deťoch , O rodine , O vzdelanie , O živote

„Nič nie je také trvácne ako dočasný vládny program.“

Milton Friedman

Prisudzované výroky

„Nemáme zúfalú potrebu rásť. My máme zúfalú túžbu rásť.“

Milton Friedman

„Dovoľte mi, aby som opäť prizvukoval, že neschvaľujem ani neospravedlňujem režimy Čile, Brazílie, Juhoslávie alebo Ruska.“

Milton Friedman

Nemal som nič spoločné s ich vládou. Vrúcne si prajem, aby boli nahradené slobodnou demokratickou spoločnosťou. Nepovažujem návštevu žiadneho z nich za súhlas s nimi. Nepovažujem učenie sa z ich skúseností za nemorálne. Nepovažujem poskytnutie rád ohľadne ekonomickej politiky za nemorálne, keď sú podľa mňa také podmienky, že ekonomický vzostup by prispel ako k blahobytu obyčajných ľudí, tak aj k šanci na posun smerom k politicky slobodnej spoločnosti.
Let me stress again. I do not approve or condone the regimes in Chile, Brazil, Yugoslavia or Russia. I had nothing to do with their establishment. I would fervently wish their replacement by free democratic societis. I don not regard visiting any of them as an endorsement. I don not regard learning from their experience as immoral. I don not regard giving advice on economic policy as immoral if the conditions seem to me to be such that economic improvement would contribute both to the well-being of the ordinary people and to the chance of movement toward a politically free society. (en)
Potvrdené výroky, Two Lucky People (1998)
Zdroj: FRIEDMAN, Milton – FRIEDMAN, Rose. Two Lucky People : Memoirs. University of Chicago Press, 1998. 660 p. ISBN 0-226-26414-9. p. 596. (odpoveď na list Augusta Pinocheta, 21. apríl 1975)

„Som za znižovanie daní, za akýchkoľvek okolností a pre akúkoľvek výhovorku, pre akýkoľvek dôvod, kedykoľvek je to možné. Dôvodom je moje presvedčenie, že veľkým problémom nie sú dane, ale výdavky. Otázkou je: „Ako znížite štátne výdavky?““

Milton Friedman

Štátne výdavky teraz dosahujú 40 percent národného dôchodku, nerátajúc priame výdavky prostredníctvom regulácií a pod. Pokiaľ zahrniete aj tie, vyjde vám približne polovica. Reálne riziko, ktorému čelíme je že sa toto číslo bude postupne zvyšovať. Jediným efektívnym spôsobom, ako ho udržať dole je obmedziť objem štátnych príjmov. To možno učiniť znížením daní.
I am in favor of cutting taxes under any circumstances and for any excuse, for any reason, whenever it's possible. The reason I am is because I believe the big problem is not taxes, the big problem is spending. The question is, “How do you hold down government spending?” Government spending now amounts to close to 40% of national income not counting indirect spending through regulation and the like. If you include that, you get up to roughly half. The real danger we face is that number will creep up and up and up. The only effective way I think to hold it down, is to hold down the amount of income the government has. The way to do that is to cut taxes. (en)
Potvrdené výroky
Zdroj: HAWKINS, John. An Interview With Milton Friedman. http://www.rightwingnews.com/interviews/an-interview-with-milton-friedman-2/. 2003-09-16 [cit. 2014-01-09].

otázka , O problémoch

Milton Friedman: Citáty v angličtine

“Governments never learn. Only people learn.”

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Milton Friedman

Statement made in 1980, as quoted in The Cynic's Lexicon : A Dictionary Of Amoral Advice‎ (1984), by Jonathon Green, p. 77

“If you look at the drug war from a purely economic point of view, the role of the government is to protect the drug cartel. That's literally true.”

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Milton Friedman

One role of prohibition is in making the drug market more lucrative.
America's Drug Forum interview (1991)

“A major source of objection to a free economy is precisely that it … gives people what they want instead of what a particular group thinks they ought to want. Underlying most arguments against the free market is a lack of belief in freedom itself.”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: (1962), Ch. 1 The Relation Between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom, 2002 edition, page 15

“Society doesn't have values. People have values.”

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Milton Friedman

From Created Equal, an episode of the PBS Free to Choose television series (1980, vol. 5 transcript) http://www.freetochoosemedia.org/broadcasts/freetochoose/detail_ftc1980_transcript.php?page=5.

“Most of the energy of political work is devoted to correcting the effects of mismanagement of government.”

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Milton Friedman

“The Great Depression in the United States, far from being a sign of the inherent instability of the private enterprise system, is a testament to how much harm can be done by mistakes on the part of a few men when they wield vast power over the monetary system of a country.”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: (1962), Ch. 3 The Control of Money, p. 50

“Education spending will be most effective if it relies on parental choice & private initiative -- the building blocks of success throughout our society.”

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Milton Friedman

“He moves fastest who moves alone.”

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Milton Friedman

“Most economic fallacies derive from the neglect of this simple insight, from the tendency to assume that there is a fixed pie, that one party can gain only at the expense of another.”

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Milton Friedman kniha Free to Choose

Zdroj: Free to Choose (1980), Ch. 1 "The Power of the Market", page 13
Kontext: The key insight of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is misleadingly simple: if an exchange between two parties is voluntary, it will not take place unless both believe they will benefit from it. Most economic fallacies derive from the neglect of this simple insight, from the tendency to assume that there is a fixed pie, that one party can gain only at the expense of another.

“We do not influence the course of events by persuading people that we are right when we make what they regard as radical proposals. Rather, we exert influence by keeping options available when something has to be done at a time of crisis.”

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Milton Friedman

“I’m in favor of legalizing drugs. According to my values system, if people want to kill themselves, they have every right to do so. Most of the harm that comes from drugs is because they are illegal.”

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Milton Friedman

As quoted in ‪If Ignorance Is Bliss, Why Aren't There More Happy People? (2009) ‬by John Mitchinson, p. 87

“The use of quantity of money as a target has not been a success. I'm not sure that I would as of today push it as hard as I once did.”

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Milton Friedman

Financial Times [UK] (7 June 2003)

“So far, twenty-two people have received the Nobel award in economics. Not one of them has been female—so, to judge only from the past, the most important thing to do if you want to be a Nobel laureate is to be male. I hasten to add that the absence of females is not, I believe, attributable to male chauvinist bias on the part of the Swedish Nobel Committee. I believe that the economics profession as a whole would have been nearly unanimous that, during the period in question, only one female candidate met the relevant standards—the English economist Joan Robinson, who has since died. The failure of the Nobel Committee to award her a prize may well have reflected bias but not sex bias. The economists here will understand what I am talking about. … A second requirement is to be a U. S. citizen. Twelve of the twenty-two recipients of the Nobel Prize were from the United States, four from the United Kingdom, two from Sweden, and one each from four other countries. … Of the twelve Americans who have won the Nobel Prize in economics, nine either studied or taught at the University of Chicago. So the next lesson is to go to the University of Chicago.”

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Milton Friedman

"Milton Friedman" in William Breit and Roger W. Spencer (ed.) Lives of the laureates

“With some notable exceptions, businessmen favor free enterprise in general but are opposed to it when it comes to themselves.”

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Milton Friedman

Lecture "The Suicidal Impulse of the Business Community" (1983); cited in Filters Against Folly (1985) by Garrett Hardin ISBN 067080410X

“Industrial progress, mechanical improvement, all of the great wonders of the modern era have meant little to the wealthy. The rich in ancient Greece would have benefited hardly at all from modern plumbing — running servants replaced running water. Television and radio — the patricians of Rome could enjoy the leading musicians and actors in their home, could have the leading artists as domestic retainers. Ready-to-wear clothing, supermarkets — all these and many other modern developments would have added little to their life. They would have welcomed the improvements in transportation and in medicine, but for the rest, the great achievements of western capitalism have rebounded primarily to the benefit of the ordinary person. These achievements have made available to the masses conveniences and amenities that were previously the exclusive prerogative of the rich and powerful.”

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Milton Friedman kniha Free to Choose

Zdroj: Free to Choose (1980), Ch. 5 “Created Equal”, p. 147

“The problem in this world is to avoid concentration of power - we must have a dispersion of power.”

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman - Big Business, Big Government http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_T0WF-uCWg

“The term money has two very different meanings in popular discourse. We often speak of someone "making money," when we really mean that he or she is receiving an income. We do not mean that he or she has a printing press in the basement churning out greenbacked pieces of paper. In this use, money is a synonym for income or receipts; it refers to a flow, to income or receipts per week or per year. We also speak of someone's having money in his or her pocket or in a safe-deposit box or on deposit at a bank. In that use, money refers to an asset, a component of one's total wealth. Put differently, the first use refers to an item on a profit-and-loss statement, the second to an item on a balance sheet”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: Money Mischief (1992), Ch. 2 The Mystery of Money

“Analysis of the supply of money, and in particular of changes in the supply of money, is simple in principle but extremely complex in practice, both in our hypothetical world and in the current real world. Simple in principle, because the supply of money is whatever the monetary authorities make if, complex in practice, because the decisions of the monetary authorities depend on numerous factors.”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: Money Mischief (1992), Ch. 2 The Mystery of Money

“One reason why money is a mystery to so many is the role of myth or fiction or convention.”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: Money Mischief (1992), Ch. 2 The Mystery of Money

“An income tax intended to reduce inequality and promote the diffusion of wealth has in practice fostered reinvestment of corporate earnings, thereby favoring the growth of large corporations, inhibiting the operation of the capital market, and discouraging the establishment of new enterprises.”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: (1962), Ch. 13 Conclusion, 2002 edition, p. 198

“The price system works so well, so efficiently, that we are not aware of it most of the time. We never realize how well it functions until it is prevented from functioning, and even then we seldom recognize the source of the trouble.”

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Milton Friedman kniha Free to Choose

Zdroj: Free to Choose (1980), Ch. 1 "The Power of the Market", p. 14

“Why should they also be accepted by private persons in private transactions in exchange for goods and services?
The short answer—and the right answer—is that private persons accept these pieces of paper because they are confident that others will. The pieces of green paper have value because everybody thinks they have value. Everybody thinks they have value because in everybody's experience they have had value…”

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Milton Friedman

Zdroj: Money Mischief (1992), Ch. 2 The Mystery of Money

“Our minds tell us, and history confirms, that the great threat to freedom is the concentration of power. Government is necessary to preserve our freedom, it is an instrument through which we can exercise our freedom; yet by concentrating power in political hands, it is also a threat to freedom. Even though the men who wield this power initially be of good will and even though they be not corrupted by the power they exercise, the power will both attract and form men of a different stamp.”

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Milton Friedman kniha Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)
Kontext: The free man will ask neither what his country can do for him nor what he can do for his country. He will ask rather "What can I and my compatriots do through government" to help us discharge our individual responsibilities, to achieve our several goals and purposes, and above all, to protect our freedom? And he will accompany this question with another: How can we keep the government we create from becoming a Frankenstein that will destroy the very freedom we establish it to protect? Freedom is a rare and delicate plant. Our minds tell us, and history confirms, that the great threat to freedom is the concentration of power. Government is necessary to preserve our freedom, it is an instrument through which we can exercise our freedom; yet by concentrating power in political hands, it is also a threat to freedom. Even though the men who wield this power initially be of good will and even though they be not corrupted by the power they exercise, the power will both attract and form men of a different stamp.