Émile Durkheim citáty

Émile Durkheim bol francúzsky filozof, najvýznamnejší sociológ a tvorca francúzskej sociologickej školy, od 1902 profesor na Sorbonne.

V Paríži vytvoril sociologické stredisko, ktoré malo vplyv nielen vo Francúzsku, ale aj v iných krajinách. Časopis L’Année Sociologique , ktorého bol zakladateľom a vydavateľom, uverejňoval práce vedcov všetkých krajín zo všetkých odborov sociológie a príbuzných vied, monografických prác, teoretických rozpráv, kritík a recenzií. Prvá svetová vojna toto stredisko rozbila.

Všeobecná koncepcia Durkheimovej sociológie sa opiera o pozitivistickú teóriu vedy.

Durkheim vychádza z faktu sociálnej väzby človeka, ktorá sa jednotlivcovi nanucuje. Deľba práce stavia jednotlivca do siete príčin a následkov, ktorú nemôže ovládnuť. Osobnosť jednotlivca pohlcuje osobnosť kolektívu. Durkheim zastával koncepciu kolektívnych predstáv .

Durkheim je zástancom sociologizmu, podľa ktorého je spoločnosť základnou sférou ľudského života, z ktorej sú odvodené všetky ostatné, teda biologické a psychické javy, a ktorú treba skúmať špecifickou sociologickou metódou. Wikipedia  

✵ 15. apríl 1858 – 15. november 1917
Émile Durkheim fotka
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Émile Durkheim citáty a výroky

Émile Durkheim: Citáty v angličtine

“Every society is a moral society.”

Zdroj: The Division of Labor in Society (1893), p. 228
Kontext: Every society is a moral society. In certain respects, this character is even more pronounced in organised societies. Because the individual is not sufficient unto himself, it is from society that he receives everything necessary to him, as it is for society that he works.

“When mores are sufficient, laws are unnecessary. When mores are insufficient, laws are unenforceable.”

Attributed from postum publications
Zdroj: Jeffrey Eisenach et al. (1993), Readings in renewing American civilization, p. 54

“The general conclusion of the book which the reader has before him is that religion is something eminently social.”

Émile Durkheim kniha The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life

Zdroj: The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, 1912, p. 10

“Solidarity can grow only in inverse ratio to personality.”

Zdroj: The Division of Labor in Society (1893), p. 129 (in 1933 edition)

“Opinion is steadily inclining towards making the division of labor an imperative rule of conduct, to present it as a duty. Those who shun it are not punished precise penalty fixed by law, it is true; but they are blamed. The time has passed when the perfect man was he who appeared interested in everything without attaching himself exclusively to anything, capable of tasting and understanding everything finding means to unite and condense in himself all that was most exquisite in civilization. … We want activity, instead of spreading itself over a large area, to concentrate and gain in intensity what it loses in extent. We distrust those excessively mobile talents that lend themselves equally to all uses, refusing to choose a special role and keep to it. We disapprove of those men whose unique care is to organize and develop all their faculties, but without making any definite use of them, and without sacrificing any of them, as if each man were sufficient unto himself, and constituted an independent world. It seems to us that this state of detachment and indetermination has something anti-social about it. The praiseworthy man of former times is only a dilettante to us, and we refuse to give dilettantism any moral value; we rather see perfection in the man seeking, not to be complete, but to produce; who has a restricted task, and devotes himself to it; who does his duty, accomplishes his work. “To perfect oneself,” said Secrétan, “is to learn one's role, to become capable of fulfilling one's function... The measure of our perfection is no longer found in our complacence with ourselves, in the applause of a crowd, or in the approving smile of an affected dilettantism, but in the sum of given services and in our capacity to give more.””

[Le principe de la morale, p. 189] … We no longer think that the exclusive duty of man is to realize in himself the qualities of man in general; but we believe he must have those pertaining to his function. … The categorical imperative of the moral conscience is assuming the following form: Make yourself usefully fulfill a determinate function.
Zdroj: The Division of Labor in Society (1893), pp. 42-43.

“There is no sociology worthy of the name which does not possess a historical character.”

Émile Durkheim, Debate on Explanation in History and Sociology (1908).

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