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Robert Boyle citáty

Robert Boyle bol britský prírodovedec.

Ako boháč uskutočnil cestu po Európe a potom sa venoval pokusom v Anglicku. Jeden zo zakladateľov Kráľovskej spoločnosti. V roku 1662 objavil tzv. Boyleov-Mariottov zákon – vzťah medzi tlakom a objemom plynov. V knihe „Sceptical Chymist“ podal základnú definíciu pre chemické pojmy prvok, zlúčenina a zmes.

V medicíne a biológii opísal veľa javov , zaviedol pojem farmakológia a štandardizoval farmaká.

Počas vypuknutia anglickej buržoáznej revolúcie vystúpil v roku 1661 s kritikou proti alchymistom v spise Pochybovačný chemik, čiže rozpravy o pokusoch, ktoré sa obvykle konajú na dôkaz štyroch elementov a troch princípov v zmiešaných látkach. Táto kritika napomohla pádu alchýmie v Anglicku.

✵ 25. január 1627 – 31. december 1691
Robert Boyle fotka
Robert Boyle: 21 citátov0 Páči sa

Robert Boyle: Citáty v angličtine

“I need not tell you, what complaints the more candid and judicious of the Chymists themselves are wont to make of those boasters, that confidently pretend, that they have extracted the salt or sulphur of quicksilver, when they have disguised it by additaments, wherewith it resembles the concretes, whose names are given it; whereas by a skilful and rigid examen, it may be easily enough stripped of its disguises, and made to appear again in the pristine form of running mercury. The pretended salts and sulphurs being so far from being elementary parts extracted out of the body of mercury, that they are rather… de-compound bodies, made up of the whole metal and the menstruum, or other additaments employed to disguise it.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Part I
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“There are some mixt bodies, from which it has not been yet made appear, that any degree of fire can separate either salt, or sulphur, or mercury, much less all the three. The most obvious instance of this truth is gold, which is a body so fixed, and wherein the elementary ingredients (if it have any) are so firmly united to each other, that we find not in the operations, wherein gold is exposed to the fire, how violent soever, that it does discernably so much as lose of its fixedness or weight, so far is it from being dissipated into those principles, whereof one at least is acknowledged to be fugitive enough.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Part I
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“Those distinct substances, which concretes generally either afford, or are made up of, may, without very much inconvenience, be called the elements or principles of them.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Part I, Proposition IV
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“As for silver, I never could see any degree of fire make it part with any of its three principles. …But admitting, that some parts of the silver were driven away by the violence of the fire, what proof is there, that it was either the salt, the sulphur, or the mercury of the metal, and not rather a part of it homogeneous to what remained? for besides that the silver, that was left, seemed not sensibly altered, which probably would have appeared, had so much of any one of its principles been separated from it.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Zdroj: The Sceptical Chymist (1661), Part I

“Being Gentlemen and very far from the litigious humour of loving to wrangle about words or terms or notions as empty; they had before his coming in, readily agreed promiscuously to use when they pleased Elements and Principles as terms equivalent: and to understand both by the one and the other, those primitive and simple bodies of which the mixt ones are said to be composed, and into which they are ultimately resolved.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Physiological Considerations Part of the First Dialogue (16)
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“I observe, that of late Chymistry begins, as indeed it deserves, to be cultivated by Learned Men who before despis’d it; and to be pretended to by many who never cultivated it, that they may be thought not to ignore it: Whence it is come to passe, that divers Chymical Notions about Matters Philosophical are taken for granted and employ’d, and so adopted by very eminent Writers both Naturalists and Physitians. Now this I fear may prove somewhat prejudicial to the Advancement of solid Philosophy: For though I am a great Lover of Chymical Experiments, and though I have no mean esteem of divers Chymical Remedies, yet I distinguish these from their Notions about the causes of things, and their manner of Generation.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Zdroj: The Sceptical Chymist (1661), Preface Introductory to the Following Treatise

“Doubtless, it shews the wisdom of God, to have so fram'd things at first, that there can seldom or never need any extraordinary interposition of his power; or the employing from, time to time, an intelligent overseer, to regulate, assist, and control the motions of matter.”

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Robert Boyle

"A Free Inquiry into the Vulgar Notion of Nature," Sect.1 in The Philosophical Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle (1725) Vol.2 http://books.google.com/books?id=Y-YJAAAAMAAJ

“The phaenomena afforded by trades, are a part of the history of nature, and therefore may both challenge the naturalist's curiosity and add to his knowledge, Nor will it suffice to justify learned men in the neglect and contempt of this part of natural history, that the men, from whom it must be learned, are illiterate mechanicks… is indeed childish, and too unworthy of a philosopher, to be worthy of an honest answer.”

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Robert Boyle

Compare Francis Bacon's The Great Instauration
"That the Goods of Mankind May be Much Increased by the Naturalist's Insight into Trades" in the Works of Robert Boyle, (1772) Vol.3 as quoted in Clifford D. Conner, A People's History of Science (2005)

“It seems not absurd to conceive, that at first production of mixt bodies, the universal matter, whereof they among other parts of the universe consisted, was actually divided, into little particles, of several sizes and shapes, variously moved.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Part I, Proposition I
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“Epicurus… supposes not only all mixt bodies, but all others to be produced by the various and casual occursions of atoms, moving themselves to and fro by an internal principle in the immense or rather infinite vacuum.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Part I, Carneades speaking
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“I shall take leave to think the word, rather of the practice of the men than of the book of God.”

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Robert Boyle

Treatises on the high veneration man's intellect owes to God: on things above reason; and on the style of the Holy Scriptures http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=PKEPAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. p. 182

“A Person any Thing vers’d in the Writings of Chymists cannot but Discern by their obscure, Ambiguous, and almost Ænigmatical Way of expressing what they pretend to Teach, that they have no Mind, to be understood at all, but by the Sons of Art (as they call them) nor to be Understood even by these without Difficulty And Hazardous Tryalls.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Preface Introductory to the Following Treatise
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“I cannot conceive, how a body, destitute of understanding and sense, truly so called, can moderate and determine its own motions; especially so as to make them conformable to laws that it has no knowledge of.”

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Robert Boyle

"A Free Inquiry into the Vulgar Notion of Nature" Sect.1 ibid.

“And therefore I think you have done very wisely to make it your business to consider the Phœnomena relating to the present question, which have been afforded by experiments, especially since it might seem injurious to our senses, by whose mediation we acquire so much of the knowledge we have of things corporal, to have recourse to far-fetched and abstracted Ratiocination, to know what are the sensible ingredients of those sensible things that we daily see and handle, and are supposed to have the liberty to untwist (if I may so speak) into the primitive bodies they consist of.”

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Robert Boyle kniha The Sceptical Chymist

Physiological Considerations Part of the First Dialogue (15)
The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

“Among Latin writers, the acceptations of the word nature are so many, that I remember, one author reckons up no less than fourteen or fifteen. Hence we see how easy 'tis for the generality of men, without excepting those who write of natural things, to impose upon others and themselves, in the use of a word so apt to be mis-employ'd... the very great ambiguity of this term, and the promiscuous use made of it, without sufficiently attending to its different significations, render many of the expressions wherein 'tis employ'd either unintelligible, improper, or false.”

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Robert Boyle

"A Free Inquiry into the Vulgar Notion of Nature" Sect.1 ibid.

“And of universal nature, the notion I would offer, should be something like this. Nature is the aggregate of the bodies, that make up the world, in its present state, considered as a principle, by virtue whereof, they act and suffer, according to the laws of motion, prescribed by the author of things.”

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Robert Boyle

"A Free Inquiry into the Vulgar Notion of Nature" Sect.2 ibid.

“But I will not... trouble you with what I have largely discoursed in the Sceptical Chymist, to call in question the grounds on which Chymists assert, that all mixt bodies are compounded of Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury. For it may suffice me now to tell you that, whatsoever they may be able to obtain from other bodies, it does not appear by Experience, which is the grand, if not the onely, Argument they rely on, that all mixt bodies that have Qualities consist of their tria prima, since they have not been able, that we know, truly, and without new Compositions, to resolve into those three, either Gold, or Silver, or Crystal, or Venetian Talck, or some other bodies, that I elsewhere name; & yet these bodies are endowed with divers Qualities, as the two former with Fusibleness and Malleability, and all of them with Weight and Fixity; so that in these and the like bodies, whence Chymisats have not made it yet appear, that their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, can be truly and adequately separated, 'twill scarce be other than precarious to derive the malleableness, colour, and other Qualities of such bodies from those Principles.”

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Robert Boyle

Of the Imperfection of The Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities (1675)

“It is somewhat strange to me, that neither the Spagyrists themselves, nor yet their Adversaries, should have taken notice that Chymists have rather supposed than evinced, that the Analysis of bodies by fire, or even that at least some Analysis is the onely instrument of investigating what Ingredients mixt bodies are made up of, since in divers cases That may be discovered by Composition as well as by Resolution; as it may appear, that Vitriol consists of metalline parts (whether Martial, or Venereal, or both) associated by Coagulation with acid ones, one may, I say, discover this as well by making true Vitriol with Spirit (improperly called Oil) of Sulphur, or that of Salt, as by distilling or Resolving Vitriol by the fire.”

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Robert Boyle

Of the Imperfection of The Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities (1675)

“And first the Doctrine that all their Theory is grounded on, seems to me Inevident and undemonstrated, not to say precarious.”

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Robert Boyle

Zdroj: Of the Imperfection of The Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities (1675)

“Now a man need not be very conversant in the writings of Chymists to observe, in how Laxe, Indefinite, and almost Arbitrary Senses they employ the Terms of Salt, Sulphur and Mercury; of which I could never find that they were agreed upon any certain Definitions or setled Notions; not onely differing Authors, but not unfrequently one and the same, and perhaps in the same Book, employing them in very differing senses.”

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Robert Boyle

Zdroj: Of the Imperfection of The Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities (1675)

“Since a great part of those Learned Men, especially Physicians who have discerned the defects of the vulgar Philosophy, but are not yet come to understand and relish the Corpuscularian, have slid into the Doctrine of the Chymists; and since the Spagyrists are wont to pretend to make out all the Qualities of bodies from the Predominancy of some one of their three Hypostatical Principles, I suppose it may both keep my opinion from appearing too presumptuous, and (which is far more considerable) may make way for the fairer Reception of the Mechanical Hypothesis about Qualities, if I here intimate (though but briefly and in general) some of those defects, that I have observed in Chymists Explications of Qualities.”

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Robert Boyle

Zdroj: Of the Imperfection of The Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities (1675)

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