Malcolm X citáty
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Malcolm X bol významný predstaviteľ čiernych moslimov v USA, hovorca hnutia Národ Islamu, bojovník za práva černochov.

Narodil sa ako Malcolm Little v Omahe, po konvertovaní na moslimskú vieru prijal meno Malcolm X a pripojil sa k Národu islamu. Toto hnutie bolo kombináciou africkej hrdosti a nepriateľstva voči belochom, zároveň členovia odmietali integráciu do väčšinovej "belošskej spoločnosti". V marci 1964 sa stal ortodoxným moslimom, prijal meno El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazza a z hnutia vystúpil, následne založil organizáciu Moslimská mešita a Organizáciu africko-americkej jednoty. Začal spolupracovať s bielymi liberálmi, ktorí podporovali občianske práva černochov. Traja čierni moslimovia ho pre odpadlíctvo 21. februára 1965 zastrelili počas prejavu v newyorskom Harleme.

V roku 1992 o ňom natočil režisér Spike Lee biografický film v hlavnej úlohe s Denzelom Washingtonom.

Špeciálny záznam CNN: Witnessed: The Assassination of Malcolm X, bol odvysielaný 17. februára 2015. Obsahoval rozhovory s ľuďmi, ktorí s ním blízko spolupracovali, vrátane A. Petra Baileyho a Earla Granta, ako dcéry Malcolma X, Ilyasah Shabazz.

Malcolm X bol označený za jedného z najvplyvnejších afroameričanov v histórii. Pripisujú sa mu zásluhy za zvýšenie sebavedomia černochov v Amerike a opätovné prepojenie s ich africkými koreňmi. Je zodpovedný za rozšírenie Islamu v černošských komunitách v Spojených Štátoch. Mnohí afroameričania, najmä tí, ktorí žili v mestách v severnej a západnej časti Spojených Štátov, mali pocit, že Malcom X vyjadril ich problémy o nerovnosti lepšie než Hnutie za občianske práva. Jeden biograf napísal, že vyjadrením ich frustrácie Malcolm X "objasnil cenu, ktorú by mala biela Amerika platiť, ak by nepristúpila k legitímnym požiadavkám černochov žijúcich v Amerike."

Na konci 60. rokov černošskí aktivisti zakladali hnutia z veľkej časti na Malcolmovi X, ako napríklad Black Arts Movement.



V roku 1963 začal Malcolm X spolupracovať s Alexom Haleyim na knihe o jeho živote The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Pri príprave mu povedal, "Ak budem nažive, keď sa táto kniha vydá, bude to zázrak." Haley dokončil a vydal knihu niekoľko mesiacov po útoku.

Na konci 80. a začiatkom 90. rokov nastalo vzkriesenie záujmu o jeho osobu medzi mladými ľuďmi. Hip-hopové skupiny ako Public Enemy prevzali Malcoma X ako svoju ikonu a jeho fotografia bola vystavená v tisícoch domov, kanceláriách a na školách. Táto vlna vyvrcholila v roku 1992, kedy sa začal premietať film Malcolm X, adaptácia knihy The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

V roku 1998, TIME zaradil The Autobiography of Malcolm X medzi jednu z 10 najvplyvnejších nebeletristických kníh 20. storočia. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. máj 1925 – 21. február 1965   •   Ďalšie mená Malcolm Little
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Malcolm X: Citáty v angličtine

“I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. Sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Cleveland, Ohio (April 3, 1964)
Kontext: I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. Sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate. Being here in America doesn't make you an American. Being born here in America doesn't make you an American. Why, if birth made you American, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments to the Constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering in Washington, D. C., right now.

“We didn't land on Plymouth Rock. The rock was landed on us.”

Speech at Founding Rally http://www.panafricanperspective.com/mxoaaufounding.html of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (28 June 1964)
Kontext: We are African, and we happened to be in America. We're not American. We are people who formerly were Africans who were kidnapped and brought to America. Our forefathers weren't the Pilgrims. We didn't land on Plymouth Rock. The rock was landed on us. We were brought here against our will. We were not brought here to be made citizens. We were not brought here to enjoy the constitutional gifts that they speak so beautifully about today.

“Allah has blessed us. He has destroyed twenty-two of our enemies.”

Quoted in Julius Lester, "Look Out, Whitey!" New York: Dial Press, 1968. p. 138.
Attributed

“It is a time for martyrs now, and if I am to be one, it will be for the cause of brotherhood. That's the only thing that can save this country.”

Speech in New York City (19 February 1965), two days before he was assassinated.
Attributed

“Last but not least, I must say this concerning the great controversy over rifles and shotguns. The only thing that I’ve ever said is that in areas where the government has proven itself either unwilling or unable to defend the lives and the property of Negroes, it’s time for Negroes to defend themselves. Article number two of the constitutional amendments provides you and me the right to own a rifle or a shotgun. It is constitutionally legal to own a shotgun or a rifle. This doesn’t mean you’re going to get a rifle and form battalions and go out looking for white folks, although you’d be within your rights—I mean, you’d be justified; but that would be illegal and we don’t do anything illegal. If the white man doesn’t want the black man buying rifles and shotguns, then let the government do its job. […] If he’s not going to do his job in running the government and providing you and me with the protection that our taxes are supposed to be for, since he spends all those billions for his defense budget, he certainly can’t begrudge you and me spending $12 or $15 for a single-shot, or double-action. I hope you understand. Don’t go out shooting people, but any time—brothers and sisters, and especially the men in this audience; some of you wearing Congressional Medals of Honor, with shoulders this wide, chests this big, muscles that big—any time you and I sit around and read where they bomb a church and murder in cold blood, not some grownups, but four little girls while they were praying to the same God the white man taught them to pray to, and you and I see the government go down and can’t find who did it.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Cleveland, Ohio (April 3, 1964)

“As I say, if we bring up religion we’ll have differences; we’ll have arguments; and we’ll never be able to get together.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Detroit, Michigan (12 April 1964)