Malcolm X citáty
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Malcolm X bol významný predstaviteľ čiernych moslimov v USA, hovorca hnutia Národ Islamu, bojovník za práva černochov.

Narodil sa ako Malcolm Little v Omahe, po konvertovaní na moslimskú vieru prijal meno Malcolm X a pripojil sa k Národu islamu. Toto hnutie bolo kombináciou africkej hrdosti a nepriateľstva voči belochom, zároveň členovia odmietali integráciu do väčšinovej "belošskej spoločnosti". V marci 1964 sa stal ortodoxným moslimom, prijal meno El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazza a z hnutia vystúpil, následne založil organizáciu Moslimská mešita a Organizáciu africko-americkej jednoty. Začal spolupracovať s bielymi liberálmi, ktorí podporovali občianske práva černochov. Traja čierni moslimovia ho pre odpadlíctvo 21. februára 1965 zastrelili počas prejavu v newyorskom Harleme.

V roku 1992 o ňom natočil režisér Spike Lee biografický film v hlavnej úlohe s Denzelom Washingtonom.

Špeciálny záznam CNN: Witnessed: The Assassination of Malcolm X, bol odvysielaný 17. februára 2015. Obsahoval rozhovory s ľuďmi, ktorí s ním blízko spolupracovali, vrátane A. Petra Baileyho a Earla Granta, ako dcéry Malcolma X, Ilyasah Shabazz.

Malcolm X bol označený za jedného z najvplyvnejších afroameričanov v histórii. Pripisujú sa mu zásluhy za zvýšenie sebavedomia černochov v Amerike a opätovné prepojenie s ich africkými koreňmi. Je zodpovedný za rozšírenie Islamu v černošských komunitách v Spojených Štátoch. Mnohí afroameričania, najmä tí, ktorí žili v mestách v severnej a západnej časti Spojených Štátov, mali pocit, že Malcom X vyjadril ich problémy o nerovnosti lepšie než Hnutie za občianske práva. Jeden biograf napísal, že vyjadrením ich frustrácie Malcolm X "objasnil cenu, ktorú by mala biela Amerika platiť, ak by nepristúpila k legitímnym požiadavkám černochov žijúcich v Amerike."

Na konci 60. rokov černošskí aktivisti zakladali hnutia z veľkej časti na Malcolmovi X, ako napríklad Black Arts Movement.



V roku 1963 začal Malcolm X spolupracovať s Alexom Haleyim na knihe o jeho živote The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Pri príprave mu povedal, "Ak budem nažive, keď sa táto kniha vydá, bude to zázrak." Haley dokončil a vydal knihu niekoľko mesiacov po útoku.

Na konci 80. a začiatkom 90. rokov nastalo vzkriesenie záujmu o jeho osobu medzi mladými ľuďmi. Hip-hopové skupiny ako Public Enemy prevzali Malcoma X ako svoju ikonu a jeho fotografia bola vystavená v tisícoch domov, kanceláriách a na školách. Táto vlna vyvrcholila v roku 1992, kedy sa začal premietať film Malcolm X, adaptácia knihy The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

V roku 1998, TIME zaradil The Autobiography of Malcolm X medzi jednu z 10 najvplyvnejších nebeletristických kníh 20. storočia. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. máj 1925 – 21. február 1965   •   Ďalšie mená Malcolm Little
Malcolm X fotka
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Malcolm X najznámejšie citáty

Malcolm X: Citáty v angličtine

“We are in a society where the power is in the hands of those who are the worst breed of humanity.”

Speech in Rochester, New York (16 February 1965)
Malcolm X Speaks (1965)

“MALCOLM X: Freedom, justice and equality are our principal ambitions. And to faithfully serve and follow the Honorable Elijah Muhammad is the guiding goal of every Muslim. Mr. Muhammad teaches us the knowledge of our own selves, and of our own people. He cleans us up--morally, mentally and spiritually--and he reforms us of the vices that have blinded us here in the Western society. He stops black men from getting drunk, stops their dope addiction if they had it, stops nicotine, gambling, stealing, lying, cheating, fornication, adultery, prostitution, juvenile delinquency. I think of this whenever somebody talks about someone investigating us. Why investigate the Honorable Elijah Muhammad? They should subsidize him. He's cleaning up the mess that white men have made. He's saving the Government millions of dollars, taking black men off of welfare, showing them how to do something for themselves. And Mr. Muhammad teaches us love for our own kind. The white man has taught the black people in this country to hate themselves as inferior, to hate each other, to be divided against each other. Messenger Muhammad restores our love for our own kind, which enables us to work together in unity and harmony. He shows us how to pool our financial resources and our talents, then to work together toward a common objective. Among other things, we have small businesses in most major cities in this country, and we want to create many more. We are taught by Mr. Muhammad that it is very important to improve the black man's economy, and his thrift. But to do this, we must have land of our own. The brainwashed black man can never learn to stand on his own two feet until he is on his own. We must learn to become our own producers, manufacturers and traders; we must have industry of our own, to employ our own. The white man resists this because he wants to keep the black man under his thumb and jurisdiction in white society. He wants to keep the black man always dependent and begging--for jobs, food, clothes, shelter, education. The white man doesn't want to lose somebody to be supreme over. He wants to keep the black man where he can be watched and retarded.”

Mr. Muhammad teaches that as soon as we separate from the white man, we will learn that we can do without the white man just as he can do without us. The white man knows that once black men get off to themselves and learn they can do for themselves, the black man's full potential will explode and he will surpass the white man.
Playboy interview, regarding the ambition of the Black Muslims
Attributed

“President Kennedy never foresaw that the chickens would come home to roost so soon. Being an old farm boy myself, chickens coming home to roost never did make me sad; they've always made me glad.”

On the assassination of John F. Kennedy, quoted in New York Times (2 December 1963) "Malcolm X Scores U.S. and Kennedy" http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0812FE35541A7B93C0A91789D95F478685F9. p. 21.

“What is a Dixiecrat? A Democrat. A Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat in disguise. […] The Dixiecrats in Washington, D. C., control the key committees that run the government. The only reason the Dixiecrats control these committees is because they have seniority. The only reason they have seniority is because they come from states where Negroes can’t vote. This is not even a government that’s based on democracy. It is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. Half of the people in the South can’t even vote. Eastland is not even supposed to be in Washington. Half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in Washington, D. C., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally.
These senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee the people of that particular state or county the right to vote. And the Constitution itself has within it the machinery to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. You don’t even need new legislation. Any person in Congress right now, who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from Congress. And when you expel him, you’ve removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. In fact, when you expel them, you don’t need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Cleveland, Ohio (April 3, 1964)

“How can anyone be against love?”

By Any Means Necessary (1970)

“At one or another college or university, usually in the informal gatherings after I had spoken, perhaps a dozen generally white-complexioned people would come up to me, identifying themselves as Arabian, Middle Eastern or North African Muslims who happened to be visiting, studying, or living in the United States. They had said to me that, my white-indicting statements notwithstanding, they felt I was sincere in considering myself a Muslim -- and they felt if I was exposed to what they always called "true Islam," I would "understand it, and embrace it." Automatically, as a follower of Elijah, I had bridled whenever this was said. But in the privacy of my own thoughts after several of these experiences, I did question myself: if one was sincere in professing a religion, why should he balk at broadening his knowledge of that religion?
Those orthodox Muslims whom I had met, one after another, had urged me to meet and talk with a Dr. Mahmoud Youssef Shawarbi…. Then one day Dr. Shawarbi and I were introduced by a newspaperman. He was cordial. He said he had followed me in the press; I said I had been told of him, and we talked for fifteen or twenty minutes. We both had to leave to make appointments we had, when he dropped on me something whose logic never would get out of my head. He said, "No man has believed perfectly until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself."”

As featured in The Autobiography of Malcolm X http://www.colostate.edu/Orgs/MSA/find_more/m_x.html as told to Alex Haley and cited in Malcolm X: Why I Embraced Islam by Yusuf Siddiqui.
Text of a letter written following his Hajj (1964)

“Ignorance of each other is what has made unity impossible in the past. Therefore we need enlightenment. We need more light about each other. Light creates understanding, understanding creates love, love creates patience, and patience creates unity. Once we have more knowledge (light) about each other, we will stop condemning each other and a United front will be brought about.”

Malcolm X: The Man and his Times, edited by John Henrik Clarke and published by Africa World Press in 1990, p. 304 http://books.google.de/books?id=43NsDThPEzgC&q=We+need+more+light+about+each+other.+Light,+creates+understanding,+understanding+creates+love,+love+creates+patience,+and+patience+creates+unity.+Once+we+have+more+knowledge+(light)+about+each+other,+we+will+stop+condemning+each+other+and+a+United+front+will+be+brought+about&dq=We+need+more+light+about+each+other.+Light,+creates+understanding,+understanding+creates+love,+love+creates+patience,+and+patience+creates+unity.+Once+we+have+more+knowledge+(light)+about+each+other,+we+will+stop+condemning+each+other+and+a+United+front+will+be+brought+about&hl=de&sa=X&ei=RhSgT_XXCsHVtAaW_sGlAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA

“Armed with the knowledge of our past, we can with confidence charter a course for our future. Culture is an indispensable weapon in the freedom struggle. We must take hold of it and forge the future with the past.”

Speech at Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (28 June 1964), as quoted in By Any Means Necessary (1970)
By Any Means Necessary (1970)

“It'll be the ballot or it'll be the bullet. It'll be liberty or it'll be death. And if you're not ready to pay that price don't use the word freedom in your vocabulary.”

Malcolm X The Ballot or the Bullet

Zdroj: The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Detroit, Michigan (12 April 1964)