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Anthony Ashley Cooper, gróf Shaftesbury citáty

Anthony Ashley Cooper, gróf Shaftesbury bol anglický filozof zameriavajúci sa najmä na filozofiu morálky.

Mnoho prevzal od svojho učiteľa J. Locka ; predsa však je presvedčený, že Lockova kritika vrodených ideí nie je celkom správna. V mravnom živote musíme uznať prirodzený inštinkt, ktorý v nás vyvoláva priamo city majúce mravný význam. Vo svojom rozbore citov Shftesbury rozoznáva jednak city egoistické, jednak city, ktoré priamo vedú k chápaniu blaha druhých a celého ľudského rodu. V tejto súvislosti polemizuje s Hobbesom, ktorý tieto altruistické city redukoval na egoistické. Vedľa tychto citov Shaftesbury rozoznáva city reflexné, ktoré predpokladajú rozum a myslenie. Mravné city sú výrazom prirodzenosti, tzv. morálneho zmyslu . Najvyšším dobrom je harmónia, a to nielen všetkých citov a pudov egoistických a altruistických, ale aj etických a estetických. Táto harmónia tvorí najvyššiu blaženosť ľudskú, ktorá je cieľom všetkého snaženia človeka.

Morálka je podľa Shaftesburyho nezávislá od náboženstva.

Pod vplyvom G. Bruna Shaftesbury prenáša harmóniu na celý svet a vidí v ňom oživený celok tvorený vnútornou silou a vnútornou účelnosťou, ktoré doň vložil Boh. Tým sa značne odlíšil od názoru Descartovho a Newtonovho, ktorí videli vo svete len mechanizmus, a spolu s vitalizmom, ktorý vznikal vo vede, prispel k neskorším romantickým názorom na svet. Tento panteizmus ho vzdialil od cirkevného náboženstva, a tak zdieľa spolu s osvietenstvom názory o náboženskej slobode a tolerancii. Nedokáže pochopiť, prečo kacír a neverec, keď už predsa sú, a to najviac, potrestaní tým, že sú zavrhnutí Bohom, majú byť ešte trestaní. Poriadok a harmónia, pravda, vzbudzujú v Shaftesburym cit náboženský a takisto aj vnútorná harmónia mravná vnuká mu myšlienku Boha. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. február 1671 – 4. február 1713
Anthony Ashley Cooper, gróf Shaftesbury fotka
Anthony Ashley Cooper, gróf Shaftesbury: 17 citátov0 Páči sa

Anthony Ashley Cooper, gróf Shaftesbury: Citáty v angličtine

“The most natural Beauty in the World is Honesty, and Moral Truth. For all Beauty is Truth. True Features make the Beauty of a Face; and true Proportions the Beauty of Architecture; as true Measures that of Harmony and Musick.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 77; "Sensus Communis".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“True courage…has so little to do with Anger, that there lies always the strongest Suspicion against it, where this Passion is highest. The true Courage is the cool and calm. The bravest of Men have the least of a brutal bullying Insolence; and in the very time of Danger are found the most serene, pleasant, and free. Rage, we know, can make a Coward forget himself and fight. But what is done in Fury, or Anger, can never be plac’d to the account of Courage.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 66; "Sensus Communis".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Tis the hardest thing in the world to be a good Thinker, without being a strong Self-Examiner.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 92; "Soliloquy: or Advice to an Author".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Twas the saying of [Georgias Leontinus apud Arist. Rhetor. lib. 3. cap. 18… which the Translator renders, Seria Risu, Risum Seriis discutere] an ancient sage that humour was the only test of gravity, and gravity of humour. For a subject which would not bear raillery was suspicious; and a jest which would not bear a serious examination was certainly false wit.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Sensus Communis: An Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour (1709), Part 1, Sec. 5

“A Right Mind, and Generous Affection, [has] more Beauty and Charm, than all other Symmetrys in the World besides.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 2, p. 209; "Miscellany III".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“We may have an excellent Ear in Musick, without being able to perform in any kind. We may judg well of Poetry, without being Poets, or possessing the least of a Poetick Vein: But we can have no tolerable Notion of Goodness, without being tolerably good.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 26; "A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Gravity is of the very Essence of Imposture. It does not only make us mistake other Things, but is apt perpetually almost to mistake it-self.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 11; "A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Never did any Soul do good, but it came readier to do the same again, with more Enjoyment. Never was Love, or Gratitude, or Bounty practis'd but with increasing Joy, which made the Practiser still more in love with the fair Act.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 2, p. 30; "The Moralists, a Philosophical Rhapsody".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Tis not Wit merely, but a Temper which must form the Well-Bred Man. In the same manner, 'tis not a Head merely, but a Heart and Resolution which must compleat the real Philosopher.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 2, p. 206; "Miscellany III".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“How comes it to pass then, that we appear such Cowards in reasoning, and are so afraid to stand the Test of Ridicule?”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 11; "A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Truth is the most powerful thing in the world, since even fiction itself must be governed by it, and can only please by its resemblance.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 8; "A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Truly … as accidental as my Life may be, or as that random Humour is, which governs it; I know nothing, after all, so real or substantial as My-Self. Therefore if there be that Thing you call a Substance, I take for granted I am one. But for anything further relating to this Question, you know my Sceptick Principles: I determine neither way.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 2, p. 83; Part 3, Sect. 1 "Philocles to Palemon".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Truth, 'tis suppos'd, may bear all Lights: and one of those principal Lights or natural Mediums, by which Things are to be view'd, in order to a thorow Recognition, is Ridicule it-self, or that Manner of Proof by which we discern whatever is liable to just Raillery in any Subject.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, p. 38; "Sensus Communis".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“All Politeness is owing to Liberty. We polish one another, and rub off our Corners and rough Sides by a sort of amicable Collision. To restrain this, is inevitably to bring a Rust upon Mens Understandings.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 1, pp. 39-40; "Sensus Communis".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“The Taste of Beauty, and the Relish of what is decent, just, and amiable, perfects the Character of the Gentleman, and the Philosopher. And the Study of such a Taste or Relish will, as we suppose, be ever the great Employment and Concern of him, who covets as well to be wise and good, as agreeable and polite.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

Vol. 2, p. 207; "Miscellany III".
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711)

“Through certain humors or passions, and from temper merely, a man may be completely miserable, let his outward circumstances be ever so fortunate.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury

As quoted in Day's Collacon : An Encyclopaedia of Prose Quotations: (1884), p. 930; Actual quote: "That thro certain Humours or Passions, and from Temper merely, a Man may be completely miserable ; let his outward Circumstances be ever so fortunate." An inquiry concerning virtue, or merit, p. 52.

“Not to be confused with his grandfather, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.”

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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury