Noam Avram Chomsky citáty
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Noam Avram Chomsky je americký lingvista mentalistickej orientácie, filozof, kognitívny vedec, politický aktivista a emeritný profesor jazykovedy na Massachusettskom technologickom inštitúte. Považuje sa za otca modernej jazykovedy a za vedúcu osobnosť analytickej filozofie. Od šesťdesiatych rokov 20. storočia je známy najmä ako politický disident, socialistický aktivista a anarchista.

Chomsky je známy aj ako pôvodca konceptu generatívnej gramatiky a ako zakladateľ generativizmu. Pod vplyvom marxistickej filozofie odmietol prirodzené charakteristiky reči a jazyka ako povrchné a vyhlásil, že reč a jazyk sa určujú hlbinnými štruktúrami, známymi ako univerzálna gramatika. Tieto myšlienky zhrnul vo svojom diele Syntactic Structures vydanom v roku 1957, čo neskôr vyústilo do konceptu transformačnej gramatiky. Je aj pôvodcom Chomského hierarchie, ktorá je klasifikáciou tried formálnych jazykov a patričných tried gramatík podľa ich generatívnej sily. Preto ho považujú za priekopníka teórie formálnych jazykov, ktorá má nezastupiteľné miesto v teoretických základoch informatiky.

V oblastiach psychológie a jazykovedy Chomsky tvrdo kritizoval behavioristické tendencie, čím prispel k tzv. kognitívnej revolúcii a výrazne ovplyvnil filozofiu jazyka a mysle.

Od roku 1967, keď publikoval esej The Responsibility of Intellectuals , v ktorej vystúpil proti vojne vo Vietname, je Chomsky známy ako politický komentátor, kritik zahraničnej politiky Spojených štátov, anarchosyndikalista a libertariánsky socialista, pričom sa v ich obhajobe opiera o idey obdobia osvietenstva. Chomsky tiež aktívne kritizuje kapitalistické zriadenie a venuje sa analýze masmédií a propagandy. Wikipedia  

✵ 7. december 1928   •   Ďalšie mená Avram Noam Chomsky, Ноам Чомский, Ноам Хомский
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Noam Avram Chomsky: Citáty v angličtine

“In my view, if there's going to be an army, I think it ought to be a citizens' army. Now, here I do agree with some people, the top brass, they don't want a citizens' army. They want a mercenary army, what we call a volunteer army. A mercenary army of the disadvantaged. And in fact, in the Vietnam War, the U. S. military realized, they had made a very bad mistake. I mean, for the first time I think ever in the history of European imperialism, including us, they had used a citizens' army to fight a vicious, brutal, colonial war, and civilians just cannot do that kind of a thing. For that, you need the French Foreign Legion, the Gurkhas or something like that. Every predecessor has used mercenaries, often drawn from the country that they're attacking, like England ran India with Indian mercenaries. You take them from one place and send them to kill people in the other place. That's the standard way to run imperial wars. They're just too brutal and violent and murderous. Civilians are not going to be able to do it for very long. What happened was, the army started falling apart. One of the reasons that the army was withdrawn was because the top military wanted it out of there. They were afraid they were not going to have an army anymore. Soldiers were fragging officers. The whole thing was falling apart. They were on drugs. And that's why I think that they're not going to have a draft. That's why I'm in favor of it. If there's going to be an army that will fight brutal, colonial wars… it ought to be a citizens' army so that the attitudes of the society are reflected in the military.”

Quotes 2000s, 2004, 25th Anniversary of Coalition for Peace Action, 2004

“A good way of finding out who won a war, who lost a war, and what the war was about, is to ask who's cheering and who's depressed after it's over - this can give you interesting answers. So, for example, if you ask that question about the Second World War, you find out that the winners were the Nazis, the German industrialists who had supported Hitler, the Italian Fascists and the war criminals that were sent off to South America - they were all cheering at the end of the war. The losers of the war were the anti-fascist resistance, who were crushed all over the world. Either they were massacred like in Greece or South Korea, or just crushed like in Italy and France. That's the winners and losers. That tells you partly what the war was about. Now let's take the Cold War: Who's cheering and who's depressed? Let's take the East first. The people who are cheering are the former Communist Party bureaucracy who are now the capitalist entrepreneurs, rich beyond their wildest dreams, linked to Western capital, as in the traditional Third World model, and the new Mafia. They won the Cold War. The people of East Europe obviously lost the Cold War; they did succeed in overthrowing Soviet tyranny, which is a gain, but beyond that they've lost - they're in miserable shape and declining further. If you move to the West, who won and who lost? Well, the investors in General Motors certainly won. They now have this new Third World open again to exploitation”

and they can use it against their own working classes. On the other hand, the workers in GM certainly didn't win, they lost. They lost the Cold War, because now there's another way to exploit them and oppress them and they're suffering from it.
Forum with John Pilger and Harold Pinter in Islington, London, May 1994 https://web.archive.org/web/20000823015510/http://www.redpepper.org.uk/cularch/xalmeida.html.
Quotes 1990s, 1990-1994

“Somebody's paying the corporations that destroyed Iraq and the corporations that are rebuilding it. They're getting paid by the American taxpayer in both cases. So we pay them to destroy the country, and then we pay them to rebuild it.”

Interview by David Barsamian on Alternative Radio, September 11, 2003 http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Imperialism_Neocolonialism/TellTruthImperialism_Chom.html.
Quotes 2000s, 2003

“Spectator sports make people more passive, because you're not doing them—you're watching somebody doing them.”

"Sports" in How the World Works, p. 168
Quotes 1990s, 1990-1994, Secrets, Lies and Democracy, 1994

“We're supposed to worship Adam Smith but you're not supposed to read him. That's too dangerous. He's a dangerous radical.”

Talk at Brown University (April 2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBfHD2n13OA
Quotes 2010s, 2010