Malcolm X citáty

Malcolm X bol významný predstaviteľ čiernych moslimov v USA, hovorca hnutia Národ Islamu, bojovník za práva černochov.

Narodil sa ako Malcolm Little v Omahe, po konvertovaní na moslimskú vieru prijal meno Malcolm X a pripojil sa k Národu islamu. Toto hnutie bolo kombináciou africkej hrdosti a nepriateľstva voči belochom, zároveň členovia odmietali integráciu do väčšinovej "belošskej spoločnosti". V marci 1964 sa stal ortodoxným moslimom, prijal meno El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazza a z hnutia vystúpil, následne založil organizáciu Moslimská mešita a Organizáciu africko-americkej jednoty. Začal spolupracovať s bielymi liberálmi, ktorí podporovali občianske práva černochov. Traja čierni moslimovia ho pre odpadlíctvo 21. februára 1965 zastrelili počas prejavu v newyorskom Harleme.

V roku 1992 o ňom natočil režisér Spike Lee biografický film v hlavnej úlohe s Denzelom Washingtonom.

Špeciálny záznam CNN: Witnessed: The Assassination of Malcolm X, bol odvysielaný 17. februára 2015. Obsahoval rozhovory s ľuďmi, ktorí s ním blízko spolupracovali, vrátane A. Petra Baileyho a Earla Granta, ako dcéry Malcolma X, Ilyasah Shabazz.

Malcolm X bol označený za jedného z najvplyvnejších afroameričanov v histórii. Pripisujú sa mu zásluhy za zvýšenie sebavedomia černochov v Amerike a opätovné prepojenie s ich africkými koreňmi. Je zodpovedný za rozšírenie Islamu v černošských komunitách v Spojených Štátoch. Mnohí afroameričania, najmä tí, ktorí žili v mestách v severnej a západnej časti Spojených Štátov, mali pocit, že Malcom X vyjadril ich problémy o nerovnosti lepšie než Hnutie za občianske práva. Jeden biograf napísal, že vyjadrením ich frustrácie Malcolm X "objasnil cenu, ktorú by mala biela Amerika platiť, ak by nepristúpila k legitímnym požiadavkám černochov žijúcich v Amerike."

Na konci 60. rokov černošskí aktivisti zakladali hnutia z veľkej časti na Malcolmovi X, ako napríklad Black Arts Movement.



V roku 1963 začal Malcolm X spolupracovať s Alexom Haleyim na knihe o jeho živote The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Pri príprave mu povedal, "Ak budem nažive, keď sa táto kniha vydá, bude to zázrak." Haley dokončil a vydal knihu niekoľko mesiacov po útoku.

Na konci 80. a začiatkom 90. rokov nastalo vzkriesenie záujmu o jeho osobu medzi mladými ľuďmi. Hip-hopové skupiny ako Public Enemy prevzali Malcoma X ako svoju ikonu a jeho fotografia bola vystavená v tisícoch domov, kanceláriách a na školách. Táto vlna vyvrcholila v roku 1992, kedy sa začal premietať film Malcolm X, adaptácia knihy The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

V roku 1998, TIME zaradil The Autobiography of Malcolm X medzi jednu z 10 najvplyvnejších nebeletristických kníh 20. storočia. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. máj 1925 – 21. február 1965   •   Ďalšie mená Malcolm Little
Malcolm X fotka
Malcolm X: 185   citátov 5   Páči sa

Malcolm X najznámejšie citáty

Malcolm X: Citáty v angličtine

“Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today.”

Speech at Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (28 June 1964), as quoted in By Any Means Necessary (1970)
By any means necessary: speeches, interviews, and a letter (1970)
Varianta: The future belongs to those who prepare for it today.
Zdroj: Malcolm X, Black Liberation, and the Road to Workers' Power
Kontext: Education is an important element in the struggle for human rights. It is the means to help our children and our people rediscover their identity and thereby increase their self respect. Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs only to the people who prepare for it today.

“Anytime you have to rely upon your enemy for a job you’re in bad shape.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Detroit, Michigan (12 April 1964)
Kontext: So our people not only have to be re-educated to the importance of supporting black business, but the black man himself has to be made aware of the importance of going into business. And once you and I go into business, we own and operate at least the businesses in our community. What we will be doing is developing a situation wherein we will actually be able to create employment for the people in the community. And once you can create some employment in the community where you live it will eliminate the necessity of you and me having to act ignorantly and disgracefully, boycotting and picketing some place else trying to beg him for a job. Anytime you have to rely upon your enemy for a job you’re in bad shape.

“You're not to be so blind with patriotism that you can't face reality. Wrong is wrong, no matter who does it or says it.”

Quoted by William B. Whitman, The Quotable Politician p. 197.
Attributed
Zdroj: By Any Means Necessary

“I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity.”

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965)
Kontext: I told the Englishman that my alma mater was books, a good library. Every time I catch a plane, I have with me a book that I want to read—and that’s a lot of books these days. If I weren’t out here every day battling the white man, I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity—because you can hardly mention anything I’m not curious about.

Chapter 11, paragraph 59 http://www.uri.edu/library/inscriptions/almamater.html

“People don't realize how a man's whole life can be changed by one book.”

Zdroj: The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965), p. 400

“We need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level—to the level of human rights. Whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of Uncle Sam. No one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. Civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country.”

The Ballot or the Bullet (1964), Speech in Cleveland, Ohio (April 3, 1964)
Kontext: We need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level—to the level of human rights. Whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of Uncle Sam. No one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. Civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. All of our African brothers and our Asian brothers and our Latin-American brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the United States. And as long as it’s civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of Uncle Sam. But the United Nations has what’s known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. You may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in Africa and in Hungary and in Asia, and in Latin America are brought before the UN, and the Negro problem is never brought before the UN. This is part of the conspiracy. This old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser, never tells you anything about human rights. They keep you wrapped up in civil rights. And you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you don’t even know there’s a human-rights tree on the same floor.

“I am not a racist. I am against every form of racism and segregation, every form of discrimination.”

Interview (January 1965?)
By any means necessary: speeches, interviews, and a letter (1970)
Kontext: I am not a racist. I am against every form of racism and segregation, every form of discrimination. I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.

“We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.”

Speech at Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (28 June 1964) http://www.blackpast.org/?q=1964-malcolm-x-s-speech-founding-rally-organization-afro-american-unity
Variant: We declare our right on this earth to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary.
As quoted in By Any Means Necessary (1970)
By any means necessary: speeches, interviews, and a letter (1970)
Kontext: We have formed an organization known as the Organization of Afro-American Unity which has the same aim and objective to fight whoever gets in our way, to bring about the complete independence of people of African descent here in the Western Hemisphere, and first here in the United States, and bring about the freedom of these people by any means necessary.
That's our motto. We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.

“I'm for truth, no matter who tells it. I'm for justice, no matter who it's for or against. I'm a human being first and foremost, and as such I am for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole.”

Malcolm X kniha The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Varianta: I’ve had enough of someone else’s propaganda… I’m for truth, no matter who tells it. I’m for justice, no matter who it is for or against. I’m a human being first and foremost, and as such I’m for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole.
Zdroj: The Autobiography of Malcolm X
Zdroj: The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965), p. 400
Kontext: I've had enough of someone else's propaganda. I'm for truth, no matter who tells it. I'm for justice, no matter who it's for or against. I'm a human being first and foremost, and as such I am for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole.

“We cannot think of uniting with others, until after we have first united among ourselves. We cannot think of being acceptable to others until we have first proven acceptable to ourselves.”

A Declaration of Independence (12 March 1964) http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1148
Varianta: We cannot think of uniting with others, until after we have first united among ourselves. We cannot think of being acceptable to others until we have first proven acceptable to ourselves.
Kontext: There can be no black-white unity until there is first some black unity. There can be no workers' solidarity until there is first some racial solidarity. We cannot think of uniting with others, until after we have first united among ourselves. We cannot think of being acceptable to others until we have first proven acceptable to ourselves. One can't unite bananas with scattered leaves.

“They call me "a teacher, a fomenter of violence." I would say point blank, "That is a lie. I'm not for wanton violence, I'm for justice."”

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965)
Kontext: They call me "a teacher, a fomenter of violence." I would say point blank, "That is a lie. I'm not for wanton violence, I'm for justice." I feel that if white people were attacked by Negroes — if the forces of law prove unable, or inadequate, or reluctant to protect those whites from those Negroes — then those white people should protect and defend themselves from those Negroes, using arms if necessary. And I feel that when the law fails to protect Negroes from whites' attacks, then those Negroes should use arms if necessary to defend themselves. "Malcolm X advocates armed Negroes!" What was wrong with that? I'll tell you what's wrong. I was a black man talking about physical defense against the white man. The white man can lynch and burn and bomb and beat Negroes — that's all right: "Have patience"..."The customs are entrenched"..."Things will get better."

“Usually the black racist has been produced by the white racist.”

"On the difference between white racism and black racism," Harvard Law School Forum. December 16, 1964, p. 195-96
Malcolm X Speaks (1965)
Kontext: Usually the black racist has been produced by the white racist. In most cases where you see it, it is the reaction to white racism, and if you analyze it closely, it's not really black racism... If we react to white racism with a violent reaction, to me that's not black racism. If you come to put a rope around my neck and I hang you for it, to me that's not racism. Yours is racism, but my reaction has nothing to do with racism...