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Stephen Wolfram citáty

Stephen Wolfram je britský fyzik, matematik, informatik, obchodník a autor, v súčasností žijúci v USA. Je známy ako tvorca softvéru Mathematica a internetovej aplikácie Wolfram Alpha, ako aj vďaka práci v časticovej fyzike, kozmológii, teórii chaosu, celulárnych automatoch, teórii zložitosti a počítačovej algebre. Je autorom knihy New kind of science, v ktorej sa zaoberá empirickou analýzou jednoduchých výpočtových modelov. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. august 1959
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Stephen Wolfram: 16   citátov 0   Páči sa

Stephen Wolfram: Citáty v angličtine

“Cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems with simple construction but complex self-organizing behaviour. Evidence is presented that all one-dimensional cellular automata fall into four distinct universality classes. Characterizations of the structures generated in these classes are discussed. Three classes exhibit behaviour analogous to limit points, limit cycles and chaotic attractors. The fourth class is probably capable of universal computation, so that properties of its infinite time behaviour are undecidable.”

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Stephen Wolfram

[10, 1–2, January 1984, 1–35, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Universality and complexity in cellular automata, 10.1016/0167-2789(84)90245-8]

“Problem 9. What is the correspondence between cellular automata and continuous systems?”

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Stephen Wolfram

(originally published in 1985 in Physica Scripta T9: 170–183)
Kontext: Problem 9. What is the correspondence between cellular automata and continuous systems?
Cellular automatat are discrete in several respects. First, they consist of a discrete spatial lattice of sites. Second, they evolve in discrete steps. And finally, each site has only a finite discrete set of possible values.
The first two forms of discreteness are addressed in the numerical analysis of approximate solutions to, say, differential equations....
The third form of discreteness in cellular automata is not so familiar from numerical analysis. It is an extreme form of round-off, in which each "number" can have only a few possible values (rather than the usual 216 or 232).

“It's always seemed like a big mystery how nature, seemingly so effortlessly, manages to produce so much that seems to us so complex. Well, I think we found its secret. It's just sampling what's out there in the computational universe.”

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Stephen Wolfram

"Computing a Theory of Everything" (2010)

“Could it be that some place out there in the computational universe, we might find our physical universe?”

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Stephen Wolfram

"Computing a Theory of Everything" (2010)

“I think Computation is destined to be the defining idea of our future.”

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Stephen Wolfram

"Computing a Theory of Everything" (2010)

“I had a very selfish reason for building Mathematica. I wanted to use it myself, a bit like Galileo got to use his telescope four hundred years ago. But I wanted to look, not at the astronomical universe, but at the computational universe.”

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Stephen Wolfram

"Computing a Theory of Everything" (2010)

“I'm committed to seeing this project done. To see if within this decade we can finally hold in our hands the rule for our universe, and know where our universe lies in the space of all possible universes.”

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Stephen Wolfram

"Computing a Theory of Everything" (2010)

“Computational reducibility may well be the exception rather than the rule: Most physical questions may be answerable only through irreducible amounts of computation. Those that concern idealized limits of infinite time, volume, or numerical precision can require arbitrarily long computations, and so be formally undecidable.”

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Stephen Wolfram

[Undecidability and intractability in theoretical physics, Physical Review Letters, 54, 8, 1985, 735–738, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.735, https://www.stephenwolfram.com/publications/academic/undecidability-intractability-theoretical-physics.pdf]

“Stephen has gone out on a limb. He is proposing a paradigm shift. A new twist on everything.”

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Stephen Wolfram

Gregory Chaitin as quoted by Edward Rothstein in [A Man Who Would Shake Up Science; Physicist Says He's Explained The Way Nature Operates, 11 May 2002, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/11/books/man-who-would-shake-up-science-physicist-says-he-s-explained-way-nature-operates.html]

“There’s a tradition of scientists approaching senility to come up with grand, improbable theories. Wolfram is unusual in that he’s doing this in his 40s.”

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Stephen Wolfram

Freeman Dyson cited in: " Living a Paradigm Shift: Looking Back on Reactions to A New Kind of Science http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2012/05/living-a-paradigm-shift-looking-back-on-reactions-to-a-new-kind-of-science/," blog.stephenwolfram.com May 11, 2012

“If we describe... heat... the air... it's this temperature, this pressure. That's as much as we can say... People [from the future] will say, "I just can't believe they didn't realize that there was this detail and all these molecules that were bouncing around, and that they could make use of that."”

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Stephen Wolfram

...One of the scenarios for the very long term history ...is the heat death of the universe where everything... becomes thermodynamically boring... equilibrium. People say that's a really bad outcome, but actually... it's an outcome where there's all this computation going on... molecules bouncing around in very complicated ways, doing this very elaborate computation. It just happens to be a computation that right now, we haven't found ways to understand... [O]ur brains... and our mathematics and our science... haven't found ways to tell an interesting story about that. It just looks boring to us.
Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“If we want to have a predictable life... then we have to build in these... pockets of reducibility. If we were... existing in this irreducible world, we'd never be able to... know what's going to happen.”

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Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“[In] Ancient Babylon... they were trying to predict three kinds of things.... where the planets would be, what the weather would be like, and who would win or lose a certain battle; and they had no idea which of these things would be more predictable than the other.”

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Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“If you think about things that happen, as being computations... a computation in the sense that it has definite rules... You follow them many steps and you get some result. ...If you look at all these different computations that can happen, whether... in the natural world... in our brains... in our mathematics, whatever else, the big question is how do these computations compare. ...Are there dumb ...and smart computations, or are they somehow all equivalent? ...[T]he thing that I ...was ...surprised to realize from ...experiments ...in the early 90s, and now we have tons more evidence for ...[is] this ...principle of computational equivalence, which basically says that when one of these computations ...doesn't seem like it's doing something obviously simple, then it has reached this ...equivalent layer of computational sophistication of everything. So what does that mean? ...You might say that ...I'm studying this tiny little program ...and my brain is surely much smarter ...I'm going to be able to systematically outrun [it] because I have a more sophisticated computation ...but ...the principle ...says ...that doesn't work. Our brains are doing computations that are exactly equivalent to the kinds of computations that are being done in all these other sorts of systems. ...It means that we can't systematically outrun these systems. These systems are computationally irreducible in the sense that there's no ...shortcut ...that jumps to the answer.”

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Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“[W]e live... in the pockets of reducibility. ...I should have realized [that] very many years ago, but didn't... [I]t could very well be that everything about the world is computationally irreducible and completely unpredictable, but... in our experience of the world there is at least some amount of prediction we can make. ...[T]hat's because we have ...chosen a slice of ...how to think about the universe, in which we can... sample a certain amount of computational reducibility, and that's... where we exist. ...It may not be the whole story about how the universe is, but it is that part of the universe that we care about and ...operate in. ...In science, that's been ...a very special case ...science has chosen to talk a lot about places where there is this computational reducibility... The motion of the planets can be ...predicted. The... weather is much harder to predict. ...[S]cience has tended to concentrate itself on places where its methods have allowed successful prediction.”

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Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“[S]cience has become used to... using the little... pockets of computational reducibility ([A]n inevitable consequence of computational irreducibility... There have to be these pockets ...scattered around.) to be able to find those cases where you can jump ahead.”

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Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)