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Richard Erskine Frere Leakey citáty

Richard Erskine Frere Leakey je kenský paleontológ, archeológ a politik, do marca 1994 predseda Kenského národného múzea. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. december 1944
Richard Erskine Frere Leakey fotka
Richard Erskine Frere Leakey: 39   citátov 0   Páči sa

Richard Erskine Frere Leakey: Citáty v angličtine

“I'm known for speaking my mind, a trait I probably inherited from my parents, Louis and Mary Leakey—neither of whom was renowned for tact.”

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Richard Leakey

Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa's Natural Treasures (2001) with Virginia Morell

“Prehistoric images speak to us more evocatively than any other element of the archeological record: colorful, vibrant paintings of horses, of bison, of a panoply of animals and humans that often seem alive and in motion. And yet there is a dimension of unreality about them… The images seem plucked from life… often arranged chaotically to our eye, frequently superimposed… sometimes apparently incomplete. …There is an enigma in these images, a profound challenge to our understanding of the past.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“The Abbé Breuil died in 1961, and with him died the all-encompassing hunting magic hypothesis. By this time another French archeologist, André Leroi-Gourhan, had been developing his own interpretation, one based on the emerging ideas on structuralism.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“Of the range of images in Upper Paleolithic art, the most arresting are the therianthropes. There are not many… but they seize the imagination. The most famous is the so-called sorcerer… In a manner unusual for Upper Paleolithic images, the sorcerer is staring directly out of the wall, a full-face stare that transfixes the spectator.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“[Fred] Spoor's observations are truly startling, In all species of the genus Homo, the inner ear structure is indistinguishable from that of modern humans. Similarly, in all species of Australopithecus, the semicircular canals look like those of apes. Does this mean that the australopithecines moved about as apes do—that is, quadrupedally? The structure of the pelvis and lower limbs speaks against this conclusion. So does a remarkable discovery my mother made in 1976: a trail of very humanlike footprints made in a layer of volcanic ash some 3.75 million years ago.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“Next to the discovery of the Turkana boy, the visit to Lascaux ranks as one of the great moments of my life.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“Leroi-Gourhan surveyed more than sixty caves and saw order in the distribution of their images. Deer… often appeared in entranceways but were uncommon in main chambers. Horse, bison, and ox were the predominant creatures of the main chambers. Carnivores mostly occurred deep in the cave system.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires self-awareness.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“It is impossible to imagine existence in the absence of subjective sensation we call reflective consciousness.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“If the Darwinian package were correct, then we would expect to see the simultaneous appearance in the archeological and fossil records of evidence for bipedality, technology and increased brain size. We don't.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“Natural selection operates according to immediate circumstances and not toward a long-term goal. Homo sapiens did eventually evolve as a descendent of the first humans, but there was nothing inevitable about it.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“Where Breuil has seen chaos—or at least, randomness—in wall art, Leroi-Gourhan sought and found order.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“The painted, engraved, and carved images of prehistory are threads from past cultures, and we are foreigners trying to interpret their meaning. Perhaps more than anything else, art can be fully understood only in the context of the culture that produced it.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“To our western eyes, the painted images are the most prominent component of a corpus of artistic expression. This Western bias, a particularly Eurocentric bias, has been pervasive and deep. …it has resulted in a lack of attention to, and concern about, prehistoric art of equal and sometimes greater antiquity in eastern and southern Africa.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“When our ancestors discovered the trick of consistently producing sharp stone flakes, it constituted a major breakthrough in human prehistory. …The modest flake… is a highly effective implement for cutting through all but the toughest of hides… the humans who made and used these simple stone flakes thereby availed themselves of a new energy source—animal protein.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“Dots are just one example of an element in Lascaux art, and in all cave art… This is a profusion of nonrepresentational, geometric patterns. In addition to dots, there are grids and chevrons, curves and zigzags, and more. …The coincidence of these geometric motifs with representational images is one of the most puzzling aspects of Upper Paleolithic art. …images, six different kinds in all, are shimmering, incandescent, mercurial—and powerful. Called entoptic images—which means "within vision"—these phenomena are products of the basic neural architecture of the human brain.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“The question… is whether Upper Paleolithic art bears the telltale signs of Lewis-Williams' three stage neuropsychological model, and could thus be shamanistic art.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“Three revolutions mark the history of life on earth. The first was the origin of life itself… The second… was the origin of multicellular organisms… The origin of human consciousness… was the third… Life became aware of itself, and began to transform the world of nature to its own ends.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“Because the art of Africa was on rock shelters, not deep in caves, as in Europe, the ravages of time have eroded most of a rich expression. What we now see is the merest glimpse of what was on the minds of these people.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“I think both Louis and I were looking for more or less the same thing, and that is, when did our species, Homo, begin?”

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Richard Leakey

As quoted by Virginia Morell, Ancestral Passions: The Leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings (2011)

“The neurobiologist Harry Jerison has made a long study of the trajectory of brain evolution since the advent of life on dry land. …the origin of new faunal groups is usually accompanied by a jump in the relative size of the brain, known as encephalization. …the first archaic mammals… were equipped with brains four to five times bigger than the average reptilian brain… primates are twice as encephalized as the average mammal. Within primates, the apes… are some twice the average size. And humans are three times as encephalized as the average ape.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“The first era of the Upper Paleolithic, the Aurignacian, is notable for several reasons, one of which is the absence of painted caves. …One of the most evocative pieces from this era, from the Abri Blanchard in southwestern France, is a flute. Music must have been an integral part of Upper Paleolithic life too.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“The quality that accompanies the emergence of learning in the evolution of higher animals, namely intelligence, is surprisingly difficult to define.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins (1977)

“If the molecular evidence is correct… almost five million years passed between the time our ancestors became bipedal and the time when they started making stone tools. Whatever the evolutionary force that produced a bipedal ape, it was not linked with the ability to make and use tools. However, many anthropologists believe that the advent of technology 2.5 million years ago did coincide with the beginnings of brain expansion.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“The first major discovery of prehistoric art was the Spanish cave of Altamira, which, like Lascaux, is one of the most spectacular examples of Upper Paleolithic art yet known.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“People who pass from stage two hallucination to stage three often experience a sensation of a vortex or rotating tunnel around them, and soon have hallucinations filled with iconic images, not just signs. …It is here that "monsters" appear, part human, part beast, known as therianthropes.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human (1992)

“Ever since Darwin tied knots between human beings and the rest of the animal world, many people have frantically attempted to untie them again, declaring that even though our roots are in the animal world we have left them so far behind as to make any comparisons utterly meaningless. To some extent this is true, because the quality that makes us unique in the biological kingdom is the enormous capacity to learn.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins (1977)

“Jerison argues that we should think of brains as creating a species' version of reality. …As brains enlarged through evolutionary time, more channels of sensory information could be handled more completely, and their input integrated more thoroughly.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“The major sites, such as Altamira, are often surrounded by smaller sites within a 10-mile radius, as if they were centers of political or social alliance.”

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Richard Leakey

The Origin of Humankind (1994)

“In its extreme form self-awareness manifests itself in notions such as that of the soul, but in simple form it merely means to be aware of oneself as an individual among others.”

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Richard Leakey

Origins (1977)