Proklos citáty

Proklos bol grécky filozof, vedúci Akadémie v Aténach. Systematizoval a rozšíril novoplatónske učenie o emanácii.

Filozofia sa môže k najvyššiemu princípu približovať iba via negationis, pretože ono najvyššie sa nedá postihnúť nijakým tradičným určením, ako jednota, príčina, dobro, bytie atď. Z najvyššieho princípu emanuje ostatná skutočnosť vo forme henád. Z prabytia vznikajú henády ako božstvá, ktoré sú spájajúcimi ohnivkami medzi prajednom a ďalej sa vytvárajúcimi vecami, z henád emanujú duchovné entity, dostupné len rozumovému poznaniu, z nich súcna zmyslové a nakoniec bytosti prostredné, dostupné rozumu i zmyslom. Každý z týchto emanačných stupňov má ešte ďalšie stupne v hierarchii čiastkových emanácií. Všetko, čo vyplýva z týchto emanácií, je dobré, dobrá je aj hmota, ale zdrojom zla je nerozoznanie toho, čo je božské v hmote. Preto sa celá etika obmedzuje na schopnosť jasného spoznávania božského činiteľa vo svete i v ľudskom živote a na schopnosť návratu do zjednotenia sa s prabytím. Toto zjednotenie sa má uskutočniť cez lásku, poznávanie pravdy, pripútanie sa ku kráse, vnikanie do podstaty bytia a ničím neskalené vízie toho, čo nemožno dosiahnuť diskurzívnym poznaním, ale len bezprostredným nazeraním v extáze. Wikipedia  

✵ 8. február 412 – 17. apríl 485
Proklos: 18   citátov 0   Páči sa

Proklos: Citáty v angličtine

“Let us now explain the origin of geometry, as existing in the present age of the world. For the demoniacal Aristotle observes, that the same opinions often subsist among men, according to certain orderly revolutions of the world: and that sciences did not receive their first constitution in our times, nor in those periods which are known to us from historical tradition, but have appeared and vanished again in other revolutions of the universe; nor is it possible to say how often this has happened in past ages, and will again take place in the future circulations of time. But, because the origin of arts and sciences is to be considered according to the present revolution of the universe, we must affirm, in conformity with the most general tradition, that geometry was first invented by the Egyptians, deriving its origin from the mensuration of their fields: since this, indeed, was necessary to them, on account of the inundation of the Nile washing away the boundaries of land belonging to each. Nor ought It to seem wonderful, that the invention of this as well as of other sciences, should receive its commencement from convenience and opportunity. Since whatever is carried in the circle of generation proceeds from the imperfect to the perfect.”

Chap. IV. On the Origin of Geometry, and its Inventors, pp. 98-99. Footnote (Taylor's): Aristotle was called demoniacal by the Platonic philosophers, in consequence of the encomium bestowed on him by his master, Plato, "That he was the dæmon of nature." Indeed, his great knowledge in things subject to the dominion of nature, well deserved this encomium, and the epithet divine, has been universally ascribed to Plato, from his profound knowledge of the intelligible world.
The Philosophical and Mathematical Commentaries of Proclus on the First Book of Euclid's Elements Vol. 1 (1788)

“For this, to draw a right line from every point, to every point, follows the definition, which says, that a line is the flux of a point, and a right line an indeclinable and inflexible flow.”

Book III. Concerning Petitions and Axioms.
The Philosophical and Mathematical Commentaries of Proclus on the First Book of Euclid's Elements Vol. 2 (1789)

“After Pythagoras, Anaxagoras the Clazomenian succeeded, who undertook many things pertaining to geometry. And Oenopides the Chian, was somewhat junior to Anaxagoras, and whom Plato mentions in his Rivals, as one who obtained mathematical glory. To these succeeded Hippocrates, the Chian, who invented the quadrature of the lunula, and Theodorus the Cyrenean, both of them eminent in geometrical knowledge. For the first of these, Hippocrates composed geometrical elements: but Plato, who was posterior to these, caused as well geometry itself, as the other mathematical disciplines, to receive a remarkable addition, on account of the great study he bestowed in their investigation. This he himself manifests, and his books, replete with mathematical discourses, evince: to which we may add, that he every where excites whatever in them is wonderful, and extends to philosophy. But in his time also lived Leodamas the Thasian, Architas the Tarentine, and Theætetus the Athenian; by whom theorems were increased, and advanced to a more skilful constitution. But Neoclides was junior to Leodamas, and his disciple was Leon; who added many things to those thought of by former geometricians. So that Leon also constructed elements more accurate, both on account of their multitude, and on account of the use which they exhibit: and besides this, he discovered a method of determining when a problem, whose investigation is sought for, is possible, and when it is impossible.”

Zdroj: The Philosophical and Mathematical Commentaries of Proclus on the First Book of Euclid's Elements Vol. 1 (1788), Ch. IV.

“Proposition XLIV. Problem XII.”

The Philosophical and Mathematical Commentaries of Proclus on the First Book of Euclid's Elements Vol. 2 (1789)

“If two right lines cut one another, they will form the angles at the vertex equal.”

...
This... is what the the present theorem evinces, that when two right lines mutually cut each other, the vertical angles are equal. And it was first invented according to Eudemus by Thales...
Proposition XV. Thereom VIII.
The Philosophical and Mathematical Commentaries of Proclus on the First Book of Euclid's Elements Vol. 2 (1789)