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Lókájata citáty

Lókájata alebo čárváka alebo bárhaspatia bolo materialistické učenie v starovekej Indii.

Najstaršie údaje o nej obsahujú Védy a staroindický epos. Jej vznik sa tradične spája s mýtickým mudrcom Brhaspatim. Jednotlivé ateistické a antivédistické útoky sa pripisujú legendárnemu Čárvakovi; podľa neho sa v mnohých starovekých textoch tento

materializmus nazýva čárvaka.

Základ učenia lókájaty o bytí tvorí predstava, že všetky veci vo vesmíre

sa skladajú zo štyroch prvkov: zeme, ohňa, vody a vzduchu . Prvky existujú večne a nemenia sa. Všetky vlastnosti predmetov závisia od toho, z akých prvkov sú veci spojené a od proporcií, v akých sa spájajú.

Vedomie, rozum a zmyslové orgány takisto vznikajú spojením prvkov; po smrti živej bytosti sa toto spojenie rozpadá na prvky, ktoré sa pripájajú k prvkom príslušného druhu, jestvujúcim v neživej prírode.

Niektoré texty obsahujú predstavu o evolúcii: jedny prvky vznikajú z iných, pričom východiskom je zem.

Gnozeológia lókájaty je senzualistická: jediným vierohodným zdrojom poznania je pocit. Zmyslové orgány môžu vnímať predmety potiaľ, pokiaľ sa samy skladajú z rovnakých prvkov ako predmety .

Vychádzajúc z toho, popiera lókájata existenciu mimozmyslových a nadzmyslových objektov . Texty neobsahujú celkom jasné vysvetlenie vzťahu lókájaty k iným, v indickej filozofii tradičným zdrojom poznávania

- úsudku a svedectvám starých autorít.

V etike lókájaty prevládol hedonizmus.

Lókájata mala zrejme istý vplyv na staroindickú vedu o riadení štátu.

Nezachoval sa ani jeden text, ktorý by patril jej stúpencom. Najúplnejšie je vyložená vo filozofických traktátoch a kompendiách , napísaných jej idealistickými odporcami - védántistami v 9. stor. - 16. stor.. Wikipedia  

Lókájata: 5   citátov 0   Páči sa

Lókájata: Citáty v angličtine

“In fact, the Lokayata operated and developed as a tradition of universal criticism or negativism, without caring to evolve a durable or regular life-order, a socio-cultural order, of its own, with the result that it failed to commend itself to society at large. No wonder that a branch of the Lokayata, the Nilapata school, so called because its members dressed in blue, were responsible for inception of what may be called an inculture, a tradition of wanton living, about which it is said:…That is: ‘How can the Nilapata feel happy till rivers begins to overflow with wine, the mountains are made of meat, and the world is full of women?”

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Charvaka

Harsh Narain, Myths of Composite Culture and Equality of Religions (1990) (quoting Puratanaprabandhasangraha)

“The Lokayata is not an Agama. viz. not a guide to cultural living, not a system of do's and don’ts; hence it is nothing but irresponsible wrangling.”

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Charvaka

Jayanta Bhatta, quoted from Harsh Narain, Myths of Composite Culture and Equality of Religions (1990)

“In every country and every human breast there is a natural desire to find a stable equilibrium — something that does not change. We cannot find it in nature, for all the universe is nothing but an infinite mass of changes. But to infer from that that nothing unchanging exists is to fall into the error of the Southern school of Buddhists and the Chârvâkas, which latter believe that all is matter and nothing mind, that all religion is a cheat, and morality and goodness, useless superstitions.”

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Charvaka

Swami Vivekananda as recorded in the complete works of Swami Vivekananda https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_1/Lectures_And_Discourses/The_Hindu_Religion.

“Chârvâkas, a very ancient sect in India, were rank materialists. They have died out now, and most of their books are lost. They claimed that the soul, being the product of the body and its forces, died with it; that there was no proof of its further existence. They denied inferential knowledge accepting only perception by the senses.”

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Charvaka

Swami Vivekananda as recorded in the complete works of Swami Vivekananda https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_7/Inspired_Talks/Friday,_July_5.

“There were the Chârvâkas, who preached horrible things, the most rank, undisguised materialism, such as in the nineteenth century they dare not openly preach. These Charvakas were allowed to preach from temple to temple, and city to city, that religion was all nonsense, that it was priestcraft, that the Vedas were the words and writings of fools, rogues, and demons, and that there was neither God nor an eternal soul. If there was a soul, why did it not come back after death drawn by the love of wife and child. Their idea was that if there was a soul it must still love after death, and want good things to eat and nice dress. Yet no one hurt these Charvakas.”

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Charvaka

Swami Vivekananda as recorded in the complete works of Swami Vivekananda https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_2/Jnana-Yoga/Maya_and_the_Evolution_of_the_Conception_of_God.