Frederick Winslow Taylor citáty

Frederick Winslow Taylor bol strojný inžinier v Midvale Steel Works. Pôvodne bol kresličom a technickým robotníkom, neskôr sa stal hlavným inžinierom. Je považovaný za otca vedeckého manažmentu.

Pri svojej práce v továrni videl, že robotníci používajú rôzne spôsoby vykonávania rovnakej práce, a že sa nijaká alebo len veľmi malá pozornosť venuje tomu, či má robotník na danú prácu potrebné schopnosti a danosti. V dôsledku toho bola výkonnosť robotníkov nízka, robotníci sa snažili robiť čo možno najmenej a dosiahnuť pokiaľ možno čo najvyššiu mzdu. Taylor dospel k názoru, že vedeckým prístupom je možné zvýšiť výkonnosť robotníkov.

Zameral sa na skúmanie človeka predovšetkým ako objektu riadenia, t. j. na možnosť zvýšiť účinnosť práce robotníkov. Jeho cieľom bolo maximalizovať výsledok ich práce pri minimalizácii jej spotreby. Za dôležitú skutočnosť pokladal materiálnu motiváciu robotníkov. Človeka chápal ako ekonomickú bytosť, ktorú motivujú predovšetkým peniaze.

Na základe svojich pokusov a pozorovaní v rôznych zostavách vypracoval štyri princípy pre zvýšenie efektívnosti na pracovisku:



Študujte, akým spôsobom robotníci vykonávajú svoje úlohy na pracovisku, zbierajte všetky informatívne poznatky pracovníkov o práci a experimentujte so spôsobmi, ako zdokonaliť plnenie úloh.

Kodifikujte nové metódy plnenia úloh do písomných pravidiel a noriem riadiacich postup.

Dôkladne vyberajte pracovníkov tak, aby mali schopnosti a znalosti, ktoré zodpovedajú potrebám úlohy a cvičte ich, aby vykonávali úlohy podľa zavedených pravidiel a postupov.

Stanovte vhodnú alebo prijateľnú úroveň vykonania úlohy a potom vypracujte výplatný systém, ktorý poskytne odmenu za výkon nad prijateľnú úroveň.Hlavnou Taylorovou prácou bolo vyše 20-ročné skúmanie „najlepšieho spôsobu“ pre každú prácu, ktorá sa má urobiť. Podstatu tohto vedeckého manažmentu obsiahol do už spomenutých štyroch základných princípov. Wikipedia  

✵ 20. marec 1856 – 21. marec 1915
Frederick Winslow Taylor fotka
Frederick Winslow Taylor: 22   citátov 0   Páči sa

Frederick Winslow Taylor: Citáty v angličtine

“I can say, without the slightest hesitation, that the science of handing pig-iron is so great that the man who is fit to handle pig-iron as his daily work cannot possibly understand the science”

Zdroj: Testimony of Frederick W. Taylor... 1912, p. 110.
Kontext: I ordinarily begin with a description of the pig-iron handler. For some reason, I don’t know exactly why, this illustration has been talked about a great deal, so much, in fact, that some people seem to think that the whole of scientific management consists in handling pig-iron. The only reason that I ever gave this illustration, however, was that pig-iron handling is the simplest kind of human effort; I know of nothing that is quite so simple as handling pig-iron. A man simply stoops down and with his hands picks up a piece of iron, and then walks a short distance and drops it on the ground. Now, it doesn’t look as if there was very much room for the development of a science; it doesn’t seem as if there was much room here for the scientific selection of the man nor for his progressive training, nor for cooperation between the two sides; but, I can say, without the slightest hesitation, that the science of handing pig-iron is so great that the man who is fit to handle pig-iron as his daily work cannot possibly understand the science; the man who is physically able to handle pig-iron and is sufficiently phlegmatic and stupid to choose this for his occupation is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron; and this in ability of the man who is fit to do the work to understand the science of doing his work becomes more and more evident as the work becomes more complicated, all the way up the scale. I assert, without the slightest hesitation, that the high-class mechanic has a far smaller chance of ever thoroughly understanding the science of his work than the pig-iron handler has of understanding the science of his work, and I am going to try and prove to your satisfaction, gentlemen, that the man who is fit to work at any particular trade is unable to understand the science of that trade without the kindly help and cooperation of men of a totally different type of education, men whose education is not necessarily higher but a different type from his own.

“I have read with very great interest Mr. Metcalfe's paper, as we at the Midvale Steel Co. have had the experience, during the past ten years, of organizing a system very similar to that of Mr. Metcalfe. The chief idea in our system, as in his, is, that the authority for doing all kinds of work should proceed from one central office to the various departments, and that there proper records should be kept of the work and reports made daily to the central office, so that the superintending department should be kept thoroughly informed as to what is taking place throughout the works, and at the same time no work could be done in the works without proper authority. The details of the system have been very largely modified as time went on, and a consecutive plan, such as Mr. Metcalfe proposed, would have been of great assistance to us in carrying out our system. There are certain points, however, in Mr. Metcalfe's plan, which I think our experience shows to be somewhat objectionable. He issues to each of the men a book, something like a check-book, containing sheets which they tear out, and return to the office after stating on them the work which they have done. We have found that any record which passes through the average workman's hands, and which he holds for any length of time, is apt either to be soiled or torn. We have, therefore, adopted the system of having our orders sent from the central office to the small offices in the various departments of the works, in each of which there is a clerk who takes charge of all orders received from, and records returned to, the central office, as well as of all records kept in the department.”

F.W. Taylor (1886), " Comment to "The Shop-Order System of Accounts https://archive.org/stream/transactionsof07amer#page/475/mode/1up," by Henry Metcalfe in: Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 7 (1885-1886), p. 475; Partly cited in: Charles D. Wrege, ‎Ronald G. Greenwood (1991), Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management. p. 204.

“I think no book is more stimulating than the history of a devoted and successful life.”

F.W. Taylor (1911) in letter to John Fritz, who just published his autobiography; Cited in: Frank Barkley Copley, Frederick W. Taylor, father of scientific management https://archive.org/stream/frederickwtaylor01copl, 1923. p. v.

“You gentlemen may laugh, but that is true, all right; it sounds ridiculous, I know, but it is fact. Now if the problem were put up to any of you man to develop science of shoveling as it was put up to us, that is, to a group of men who had deliberately set out to develop the science of all kinds of all laboring work, where do you think you would begin? When you started to study the science of shoveling I make the assertion that you would be within two days – just as we were in two days –well on the way toward development of the science of shoveling. At least you would outlined in your minds those elements which required careful, scientific study in order to understand science of shoveling. I do not want to go into all of the details of shoveling, but I will give you some of the elements, one or two of the most important elements of the science of shoveling; that is, the elements that reach further and have more serious consequences than any other. Probably the most important element in the science of shoveling is this: There must be some shovel load at which a first-class shoveler will do his biggest day’s work. What is that load? To illustrate: when we went to the Bethlehem Steel Works and observed the shoveler in the yard of that company, we found that each of the good shovelers in that yard owned his own shovel; they preferred to buy their own shovels rather than to have the company furnish them. There was a larger tonnage of ore shoveled in that woks than of any other material and rice coal came next in tonnage. We would see a first-class shoveler go from shoveling rice coal with a load of 3.5 ponds to the shovel to handling ore from the Massaba Range, with 38 pounds to the shove Now, is 3.5 pounds the proper shovel load or is the 38 pounds the proper load? They cannot both be right. Under scientific management the answer to this question is not a matter of anyone’s opinion; it is a question for accurate, careful, scientific investigation.”

Zdroj: Testimony of Frederick W. Taylor... 1912, p. 111.

“The principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee.”

Zdroj: Principles of Scientific Management, 1911, p. 9; Lead paragraph ; Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Scientific Management.

“The Chairman: Mr. Taylor, do you believe that any system of scientific management induced by a desire for greater profits would revolutionize the minds of the employers to such an extent that they would immediately, voluntarily and generally enforce the golden rule.?
Mr. Taylor: If they had any sense, they would.”

Zdroj: Testimony of Frederick W. Taylor... 1912, p. 148 ; Cited in: Frank Barkley Copley. Frederick W. Taylor, father of scientific management https://archive.org/stream/frederickwtaylor01copl#page/n5/mode/2up. Published 1923. p. ii.