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Claude Lévi-Strauss citáty
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Claude Lévi-Strauss [vyslov: lévi-strós] bol francúzsky etnológ, antropológ, sociológ, jeden z hlavných predstaviteľov filozofického štrukturalizmu, zakladateľ sociálnej antropológie, profesor antropológie na Collège de France v Paríži, člen Francúzskej akadémie a nositeľ Radu čestnej légie, žiak Durkheima. Považujú ho za zakladateľa francúzskeho štrukturalizmu.

Veľkú pozornosť venoval vývinu myslenia. Charakteristické pre jeho diela sú predovšetkým analýzy tzv. primitívnych náboženských kultúr. Na rozdiel od predchádzajúcich generácii bádateľov v oblasti antropológie, sociológie a religionistiky tvrdil, že myslenie prírodných národov nie je nelogické, či iracionálne, ale že jeho racionalita funguje na iných princípoch, ktoré je potrebné odhaliť a pochopiť. Lévi-Strauss predpokladá, že myslíme v protikladoch. Čiže základ našeho myslenia je tvorený protikladmi čo sa prejavuje v jazykovej štruktúre. Z toho dôvodu sa zaoberal tiež lingvistikou, mýtom a hudbou.

Podľa jeho téz je príroda spontánna a univerzálna, kým kultúra je špecifická a normatívna. Logikou binárnych protikladov človek do svojho sveta vnáša štrukturálny a kultúrne modelovaný poriadok. Ten sa premieta do prejavov ľudskej činnosti ako sú mýty, totemizmus, umenie, rituály a podobne. Wikipedia  

✵ 28. november 1908 – 30. október 2009
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Claude Lévi-Strauss: Citáty v angličtine

“If we judge the achievements of other social groups in relation to the kind of objectives we set ourselves, we have at times to acknowledge their superiority; but in doing so we acquire the right to judge them, and hence to condemn all their other objectives which do not coincide with those we approve of. We implicitly acknowledge that our society with its customs and norms enjoys a privileged position, since an observer belonging to another social group would pass different verdicts on the same examples. This being so, how can the study of anthropology claim to be scientific? To reestablish an objective approach, we must abstain from making judgments of this kind. We must accept the fact that each society has made a certain choice, within the range of existing human possibilities, and that the various choices cannot be compared with each other: they are all equally valid. But in this case a new problem arises; while in the first instance we were in danger of falling into obscurantism, in the form of a blind refusal of everything foreign to us, we now run the risk of accepting a kind of eclecticism which would prevent us denouncing any feature of a given culture — not even cruelty, injustice and poverty, against which the very society suffering these ills may be protesting. And since these abuses also exist in our society, what right have we to combat them at home, if we accept them as inevitable when they occur elsewhere?”

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Claude Lévi-Strauss kniha Tristes Tropiques

Zdroj: Tristes Tropiques (1955), Chapter 38 : A Little Glass of Rum, pp.385-386

“The work of the painter, the poet or the musician, like the myths and symbols of the savage, ought to be seen by us, if not as a superior form of knowledge, at least as the most fundamental and the only one really common to us all; scientific thought is merely the sharp point — more penetrating because it has been whetted on the stone of fact, but at the cost of some loss of substance — and its effectiveness is to be explained by its power to pierce sufficiently deeply for the main body of the tool to follow the head.”

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Claude Lévi-Strauss kniha Tristes Tropiques

Zdroj: Tristes Tropiques (1955), Chapter 13 : Pioneer Zone, pp.123-124

“We can understand, too, that natural species are chosen not because they are "good to eat" but because they are "good to think."”

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Claude Lévi-Strauss Totemism

Les espèces sont choisies non commes bonnes à manger, mais comme bonnes à penser.
Totemism (1962), [Le Totémisme aujourd'hui, as translated by Rodney Needham], p. 89
Often paraphrased as "Animals are good to think with".

“Natural man did not precede society, nor is he outside it.”

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Claude Lévi-Strauss kniha Tristes Tropiques

Zdroj: Tristes Tropiques (1955), Chapter 38 : A Little Glass of Rum, p. 392

“The entire village left the next day in about thirty canoes, leaving us alone with the women and children in the abandoned houses.”

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Claude Lévi-Strauss

Le village entier partit le lendemain dans une trentaine de pirogues, nous laissant seuls avec les femmes et les enfants dans les maisons abandonnées.
Notes in an early work, often cited as an extreme example of androcentrism, even among leading anthropologists, " Contribution à l'étude de l'organisation sociale des Indiens Bororo http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jsa_0037-9174_1936_num_28_2_1942?_Prescripts_Search_tabs1=standard&" (1936) p. 283