Bertrand Russell: Citáty v angličtine (page 24)

Bertrand Russell bol logik a jeden z prvých analytických filozofov. Citáty v angličtine.
Bertrand Russell: 613   citátov 122   Páči sa

“When, in youth, I learned what was called "philosophy" … no one ever mentioned to me the question of "meaning." Later, I became acquainted with Lady Welby's work on the subject, but failed to take it seriously. I imagined that logic could be pursued by taking it for granted that symbols were always, so to speak, transparent, and in no way distorted the objects they were supposed to "mean." Purely logical problems have gradually led me further and further from this point of view. Beginning with the question whether the class of all those classes which are not members of themselves is, or is not, a member of itself; continuing with the problem whether the man who says "I am lying" is lying or speaking the truth; passing through the riddle "is the present King of France bald or not bald, or is the law of excluded middle false?" I have now come to believe that the order of words in time or space is an ineradicable part of much of their significance – in fact, that the reason they can express space-time occurrences is that they are space-time occurrences, so that a logic independent of the accidental nature of spacetime becomes an idle dream. These conclusions are unpleasant to my vanity, but pleasant to my love of philosophical activity: until vitality fails, there is no reason to be wedded to one's past theories.”

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Bertrand Russell

Zdroj: 1920s, Review of The Meaning of Meaning (1926), p. 114

“What is new in our time is the increased power of the authorities to enforce their prejudices.”

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Bertrand Russell

Quoted on Who Said That?, BBC TV (8 August 1958)
1950s

“The conception of the necessary unit of all that is resolves itself into the poverty of the imagination, and a freer logic emancipates us from the straitwaistcoated benevolent institution which idealism palms off as the totality of being.”

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Bertrand Russell

Zdroj: 1910s, Our Knowledge of the External World (1914), p. 9

“To understand a name you must be acquainted with the particular of which it is a name.”

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Bertrand Russell

1910s, The Philosophy of Logical Atomism (1918)

“I do not believe that I am now dreaming, but I cannot prove that I am not. I am, however, quite certain that I am having certain experiences, whether they be those of a dream or those of waking life.”

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Bertrand Russell

Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits (1948), p. 172
1940s

“The number of syllables in the English names of finite integers tends to increase as the integers grow larger, and must gradually increase indefinitely, since only a finite number of names can be made with a given finite number of syllables. Hence the names of some integers must consist of at least nineteen syllables, and among these there must be a least. Hence "the least integer not nameable in fewer than nineteen syllables" must denote a definite integer; in fact, it denotes 111, 777. But "the least integer not nameable in fewer than nineteen syllables" is itself a name consisting of eighteen syllables; hence the least integer not nameable in fewer than nineteen syllables can be named in eighteen syllables, which is a contradiction. This contradiction was suggested to us by Mr. G. G. Berry of the Bodleian Library.”

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Bertrand Russell Principia Mathematica

Principia Mathematica, written with Alfred North Whitehead, (1910), vol. I, Introduction, ch. II: The Theory of Logical Types. This is a statement of the Berry paradox.
1910s

“In the revolt against idealism, the ambiguities of the word “experience” have been perceived, with the result that realists have more and more avoided the word. It is to be feared, however, that if the word is avoided the confusions of thought with which it has been associated may persist.”

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Bertrand Russell

On the Nature of Acquaintance: Neutral Monism (1914)
1910s

“I've got a one-dimensional mind.”

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Bertrand Russell

Said to Rupert Crawshay-Williams; Russell Remembered (1970), p. 31
Attributed from posthumous publications

“Truth is a shining goddess, always veiled, always distant, never wholly approachable, but worthy of all the devotion of which the human spirit is capable.”

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Bertrand Russell

Fact and Fiction (1961), Part II, Ch. 10: "University Education", p. 153
1960s

“Two men who differ as to the ends of life cannot hope to agree about education.”

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Bertrand Russell

Zdroj: 1930s, In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays (1935), Ch. 12: Education and Discipline

“What does not exist must be something, or it would be meaningless to deny its existence; and hence we need the concept of being, as that which belongs even to the non-existent.”

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Bertrand Russell

Principles of Mathematics (1903), p. 450
1900s

“I do like clarity and exact thinking and I believe that very important to mankind because when you allow yourself to think inexactly your prejudices, your bias, your self interest comes in in ways you don't notice and you do bad things without knowing that you are doing them: self deception is very easy. So that I do think clear thinking immensely important.”

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Bertrand Russell

Television interview ("On clarity and exact thinking" - available on youtube)
1960s

“There is darkness without and when I die there will be darkness within. There is no splendor, nor vastness anywhere; only triviality for a moment and then nothing.”

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Bertrand Russell

Attributed to Russell in Ken Davis' Fire Up Your Life! (1995), p. 33
Attributed from posthumous publications

“People will tell us that without the consolations of religion they would be intolerably unhappy. So far as this is true, it is a coward's argument. Nobody but a coward would consciously choose to live in a fool's paradise. When a man suspects his wife of infidelity, he is not thought the better of for shutting his eyes to the evidence. And I cannot see why ignoring evidence should be contemptible in one case and admirable in the other.”

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Bertrand Russell

"Is There a God?" (1952)
1950s

“I regard [religion] as a disease born of fear and as a source of untold misery to the human race.”

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Bertrand Russell

1930s, Has Religion Made Useful Contributions to Civilization? (1930)

“In the visible world, the Milky Way is a tiny fragment; within this fragment, the solar system is an infinitesimal speck, and of this speck our planet is a microscopic dot. On this dot, tiny lumps of impure carbon and water, of complicated structure, with somewhat unusual physical and chemical properties, crawl about for a few years, until they are dissolved again into the elements of which they are compounded. They divide their time between labour designed to postpone the moment of dissolution for themselves and frantic struggles to hasten it for others of their kind.”

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Bertrand Russell

Dreams and Facts https://users.drew.edu/jlenz/br-dreams.html (1919)
1910s

“If the Russians still adhered to the Greek Orthodox religion, if they had instituted parliamentary government, and if they had a completely free press which daily vituperated us, then - provided they still had armed forces as powerful as they have now - we should still hate them if they gave us ground for thinking them hostile.”

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Bertrand Russell

1950s, What Desires Are Politically Important? (1950)

“A truer image of the world, I think, is obtained by picturing things as entering into the stream of time from an eternal world outside, than from a view which regards time as the devouring tyrant of all that is.”

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Bertrand Russell

Zdroj: 1910s, Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays http://archive.org/stream/mysticism00russuoft/mysticism00russuoft_djvu.txt (1918), Ch. 1: Mysticism and Logic

“I am ashamed of belonging to the species Homo Sapiens…You & I may be thankful to have lived in happier times – you more than I, because you have no children.”

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Bertrand Russell

Letter to Lucy Donnelly (23 June 1946)
1940s

“It is, of course, clear that a country with a large foreign population must endeavour, through its schools, to assimilate the children of immigrants. It is, however, unfortunate that a large part of this process should be effected by means of a somewhat blatant nationalism.”

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Bertrand Russell

Zdroj: 1930s, In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays (1935), Ch. 10: Modern Homogeneity